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Summer School Health > Endocrine & Reproductive Health > Flashcards

Endocrine & Reproductive Health Flashcards

1
Q

endocrine glands

A

ductless or tubeless organs or groups of cells that secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream

main function: includes various organs that work together to regulate body functions

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2
Q

hormones

A

chemical substances that help regulate many of your body’s functions

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3
Q

thyroid gland

A

produces hormones that regulate metabolism, body heat, & bone growth

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4
Q

parathyroid glands

A

produce a hormone that regulates the body’s balance of calcium & phosphorus

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5
Q

pituitary gland

A

regulates & controls the activities of all other endocrine glands

3 sections/lobes: anterior, intermediate, posterior

2 parts that make up each gland: adrenal cortex & adrenal medulla

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6
Q

pancreas

A

a gland that serves both the digestive & the endocrine systems

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7
Q

adrenal glands

A

help the body deal with stress & respond to emergencies

produce hormones that regulate the body’s salt & water balance

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8
Q

intermediate

A

being at the middle place or stage

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9
Q

sperm

A

the male gametes, or reproductive cells

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10
Q

testosterone

A

the male sex hormone

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11
Q

testes/testicles

A

2 small glands, located in the scrotum, that secrete testosterone & produce sperm in 100s of tiny tubules

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12
Q

scrotum

A

an external skin sac

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13
Q

penis

A

a tube-shaped organ that extends from the trunk of the body just above the testes

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14
Q

semen

A

a thick fluid containing sperm & other secretions from the male reproductive system

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15
Q

fertilization

A

the joining of a male sperm cell & female egg cell

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16
Q

foreskin

A

thin loose skin that covers the penis at birth

some parents choose circumcision- surgical removal of the foreskin of the penis

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17
Q

sterility

A

the inability to reproduce

18
Q

eggs

A

female gametes or ova (singular: ovum)

19
Q

ovaries

A

female sex glands, located on each side of the uterus, that store the ova & produce female sex hormones

20
Q

uterus

A

the hollow, muscular; pear-shaped organ that nourishes & protects a fertilized ovum until birth

21
Q

ovulation

A

the process of releasing a mature ovum into the fallopian tube each month

22
Q

fallopian tubes

A

a pair of tubes w/ fingerlike projections that draw in the ovum

23
Q

vagina

A

a muscular, elastic passageway that extends from the uterus to the outside of the body

AKA the birth canal

24
Q

menstruation

A

the shedding of the uterine lining

25
Q

cervix

A

the opening to the uterus

26
Q

(hypothalamus)

A

links the endocrine & nervous systems & stimulates the pituitary gland to secrete hormones

27
Q

(pineal gland)

A

secretes the hormone melatonin, which is thought to affect the onset of puberty, & regulates sleep cycles

28
Q

(thymus)

A

regulates the development of the immune system

29
Q

epididymis

A

coiled tube where sperm mature & are stored

30
Q

urethra

A

passageway through which semen & urine leave the body

31
Q

prostate/Cowper’s gland

A

produce secretions that combine w/ sperm-containing fluid to form semen

32
Q

seminal vesicle

A

produces fluid that nourishes the sperm & makes them more mobile

33
Q

vas deferens

A

tubes that extend from each epididymis to the urethra

34
Q

endometrium

A

tissue lines the uterus

35
Q

implantation

A

the process by which the zygote attaches to the uterine wall

36
Q

embryo

A

a cluster of cells that develops the 3rd-8th week of pregnancy

37
Q

fetus

A

a name for a group of developing cells after about the 8th week of pregnancy

38
Q

parental care

A

the steps that a pregnant female can take to provide for her own, and the health of her baby

39
Q

fetal alcohol syndrome

A

a group of alcohol-related birth defects that includes both physical & mental problems

40
Q

eventually

A

at an unspecified later time

41
Q

2 structures that form outside embryo

A

amniotic sac: thin, fluid-fllled membrane that surrounds & protects the developing embryo

umbilical cord: ropelike structure that connects the fetus w/ the mom’s placenta

42
Q

6 complications of pregnancy

A
  1. premature birth: born early
  2. miscarriage: unexpected termination of the pregnancy or a spontaneous abortion
  3. still birth: baby dies during child birth & is born dead
  4. gestational hypertension: high blood pressure during pregnancy
  5. pre-eclampsia: severe high blood pressure, swelling
  6. ectopic pregnancy: zygote implants in fallopian tube not uterus

Summer School Health (7 decks)

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