Endocrine & Repro Flashcards
What gland or organ makes up the Endocrine system?
adrenals, pituitary, thyroid, ovaries, testicles, kidneys, pancreas
What is the endocrine system composed of?
Ductless glands that secrete chemical messengers called hormones
_____ are chemical substances produced by cells in one part of the body and transported to another part of body where they influence _____ _____.
Hormones
Cellular activity
T or F
The endocrine system and nervous system make up two major control mechanisms if the body and linked together through the complex integrating action of the hypothalamus
True
The endocrine system and _____system make up the two major control ______ of the body and are linked together through the complex integrating action of the____.
Nervous
Mechanisms
Hypothalamus
Hormones are generally administered to animals for two reasons
1) to correct a dificiency of that hormone
2) to obtain a desired effort
Hormones that are administered to an animal are called—– hormones
Exogenous
Hormones produced naturally in the body are called _____ hormones.
Endogenous
Hormones that are admin to an animal are called _____ hormones whereas those produced naturally in the body are called ______ hormones.
Exogenous
Endogenous
Which gland is called the master gland?
Pituitary
Why is the pituitary gland called the master gland of the endocrine system?
Because of the control it exerts over the regulation of this system.
Pituitary gland is controlled by _____.
Hypothalamus
Where is the pituitary located?
At the base of the brain just ventral to the hypothalamus and is connected to the brain by a stalk.
How is the pituitary gland connected to the brain?
By a stalk
Pituitary is located at the base of the brain just _____ to the hypothalamus.
Ventral
The pituitary is divided into two main lobes:
1) anterior lobe (adenohypophysis)
2) posterior lobe (neurohypophysis)
Where does the anterior lobe arise from?
Embryo logic pharynx
Where does the posterior lobe arise from?
Brain
Anterior lobe or ______ is ______ hormones and _____ acting.
Adenohypophysis
Tropic
Indirect
Posterior lobe or _____ is _____ acting
Neurohypophysis
Direct
How does the hypothalamus exert control over the anterior pituitary?
Through the transport of releasing hormones, or factors, down the hypophyseal portal system.
In the anterior pituitary the factors release causes the secretion of ____ hormones into the circulation
Tropic
Tropic hormones produced by the anterior pituitary:
Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) Luteinizing hormone (LH) Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) Prolactin (LTH) and Growth hormone (GH or somatotropin )
The tropic hormones are sometimes called _____ acting hormones
Indirect
Why are TSH, ACTH, LH,FSH, LTH, and GH called indirect acting hormone?
They are tropic hormones *
Because the cause their target organ to produce a second hormone, which in turn influences a second target organ or tissue.
Hormones of the posterior pituitary are?
Vasopressin (antidiuretic hormone) and oxytocin
T or f hormones of the posterior pituitary are vasopressin and oxytocin?
True
The hormones of the posterior pituitary are called indirect acting hormones?
False direct acting hormones
The hormones of the posterior pituitary are called direct acting hormones because they produce the desired activity _____ in the target _____.
Directly
Organ
Anterior lobe
TSH stimulates ____ to produce T3/T4
Thyroid
TSH (Thyroid stimulating hormone)
stimulates thyroid to produce ______.
T3/T4
Anterior lobe
FSH stimulates ______ follicle growth and spermatogenesis
Ovarian
T or f
FSH (Follicle stimulating hormone) stimulates ovarian follicle growth and spermatogenesis
T
Anterior lobe
LH stimulates _____ and ______ production
Ovulation
Testosterone
Anterior lobe
GH ( growth hormone) accelerates body growth and increases _____ ______
Milk production
What does GH do?
Accelerates body growth and increase milk production
Anterior lobe
ACTH (adrenocortcotropic hormone) stimulates production of____ by _____ cortex
Corticosteroids
Adrenal
T or F
ACTH stimulates production of corticosteroids by adrenal cortex
T
Posterior lobe
OXYTOCIN stimulate _____ contraction and milk letdown
Uterine
OXYTOCIN stimulated uterine contraction and ____ ______
Milk letdown
Posterior lobe
ADH stimulates —– retention
Water
Does ADH stimulate water retention?
Yes
Feedback mechanism
T or f
The plasma level of a particular hormone controls the activity of the gland that produces it
T
Feedback mechanism
The ____ level of a particular hormone controls the ____ if the gland that produces it
Plasma
Activity
Feedback can be
Negative
Positive
Negative feedback : high plasma levels of a hormone are sensed by the _____ which than reduces the amount of the appropriate ______ factor ( hormone)
Hypothalamus
Releasing
T or f
Negative feedback a decreased amount of releasing factor reduces the amount of tropic hormones released by the pituitary causing less activity in the organ
T
Negative feedback the overall effect is to _____ the amount if hormone in the _____
Lower
Plasma
Negative feedback high plasma levels of a hormone are sensed
T or f
T
Negative feedback is the overall effect is lower the amount of hormone in the plasma
Y or n
Y
Positive feedback
Is high or low levels of hormone sensed by the hypothalamus?
Low
Positive feedback
Low levels of a hormone are sensed by the hypothalamus and release of the appropriate releasing factors
Decrease or increases
Increases
Positive feedback
Increase amounts of the corresponding tropic hormone are secreted causing activity in the target organ and a corresponding _____ in plasma levels of the hormone
Rise
In positive feedback low levels of a hormone are sensed by the hypothalamus and release of the appropriate releasing factors increase
T or f
T
Positive feedback
Increased amounts of the corresponding _____ hormone are secreted causing activity in target organ and corresponding _____ in plasma levels of hormone
Tropic
Rise
Neurohormonal reflex applies to the release if _____ by the posterior pituitary
Oxytocin
How can the neurohormonal reflex be initiated?
By stimulating of the udder by a nursing calf
Preparation of the udder for milking
Stimulation of the uterus and vagina in parturition
Stimulation of the cerebral cortex by sensory stimuli associated with nursing or milking
Reproductive system
The four stages of reproductive cycle (estrus)
1) proestrus
2) estrus
3) diestrus
4) anestrus
Name the two phases that the cycle can be divided into?
Follicular phase
Literal phase
In the follicular phase the cycle is under the influence of ____ produced by a developing ____ .
Estrogen
Follicle
Which phase, follicle or literal, is under the influence of estrogen produced by a developing follicle?
Follicular
In the literal phase the cycle is under the influence of _____ made by the corpus luteum
Progesterone
Where is control of the reproductive system coordinated?
In the hypothalamus
Control of the reproductive system is coordinated In the ____ where the ______ releasing hormone (GnRH)is produced in response to various _____
Hypothalamus
Gonadotropin
Stimuli
The various stimuli that produces GnRH are
Day and night length ( photoperiod)
Pheromones
Positive and negative internal feedback mechanisms
What does GnRH cause the release of
FSH and LH from the anterior pituitary
T or f
GnRH causes the release of FSH and LH from the anterior pituitary
T
What does FSH cause the growth and maturation of?
A follicle which begins to produce increasing amounts of estrogens as it matures
FSH causes growth and maturation of a follicle which begins to produce increasing amounts if _____ as it matures
Estrogen
______ causes changes that occur in proestrus and estrus
Estrogen
Estrogen causes changes in _____ and _____.
Proestrus
Estrus
The follicle also produces ____ which along with estrogen serves as negative feedback to _____ to inhibit release of GnRH
Inhibin
Hypothalamus
____release cause ovulation of the mature follicle and the formation of corpus luteum in its place
LH ( luteinzing hormone)
LH release causes _____ of the mature follicle
Ovulation
LH release causes ovulation of the mature follicle and the formation of ____ luteum in its place
Corpus
After LH release and formation of corpus liteum it signals the beginning of _____and the beginning of the ____ phase of cycle
Diestrus
Luteal
T or f
The corpus luteum produces progesterone which the uterus for pregnancy
T
The corpus luteum produces ____ which prepares the uterus for pregnancy
Progesterone
Once pregnancy occurs, the corpus luteum maintains a uterine envy conducive to normal progression of the pregnancy
T or f
T
Progesterone levels in the blood serve as _____ feedback to prevent release of ____ and the development of new follicles during pregnancy
Negative
GnRH
____level in the blood serve as negative feedback to prevent the release of GnRH
Progesterone
When the gestation period is at the end the fetus produces increasing amounts of ____
ACTH (adrenocortcotropic hormone)
When does the fetus produce an increasing amount of ACTH
When the gestation period is near the end
When the fetus produces increasing amount of ACTH it causes an increase amount of ____ to be produced by the adrenal gland
Cortisol
Increased cortisol levels result in increased production of ____ and ____ by the uterus
Estrogen
Prostaglandin
Estrogen and progstaglandin sensitize the uterus to the contraction producing effects of ______ and allows parturition to begin
Oxytocin
What causes the breakdown(lysis) of the corpus luteum at the end of pregnancy and end of diestrus if pregnancy doesn’t occur
Prostaglandin
What is the reason for use of hormonal drugs
Synchronization of estrus Suppression of estrus Induction of estrus Treatment of cystic ovaries Termination of pregnancy
Name 5 hormonal drugs
Gonadotropins Estrogens Androgens Prostaglandin Progestin a
Gonadotropin are drugs that are similar to _____, _____,______.
GnRH
LH
FSH
Gonadotropin causes release of____, ____.
LH
FSH
FSH that’s released by Gonadotropin causes what to grow and mature in females? And what in males
Ovarian follicle in females
Spermatogenesis in males
In Gonadotropin LH causes____ in females and production of ____ in males
Ovulation
Testosterone
_____causes ovulation in females and production of testosterone in males
LH
_____is a group of hormones synthesized by the ovaries and less extent the testicles, adrenal cortex and placenta
Estrogens
What is estrogens classified as?
Sex steroids
Which hormonal drug is classified as a sex steroids?
Estrogens
Estrogen is necessary for normal growth and development of the female ______.
Gonads
Name three things that estrogen does
Inhibit ovulation
Increase uterine tone
Cause proliferation of the endometrium
What is estrogen clinical used in dogs used for?
Induce abortion
Control urinary incontinence
List the side effects of estrogen
Prolonged estrus
Serve anemia
Genital irritation
Follicular cysts
Which drug has the side effect of serve anemia and prolonged estrus?
Estrogen
Where is the male sex hormone androgen found?
Testicles
Ovaries
Adrenal cortex
Question should say produce not found
Which hormonal drug is necessary for growth and development of male sex organs?
Androgens
Androgens causes secondary male sex characteristics
T or f
T
Androgen promotes tissue anabolism, weight gain , and ____ formation
rbc
_____ products are C-111 controlled substances
Testosterone
Testosterone products are ______ controlled substance
C-111
____are similar to progesterone and are produced by corpus luteum
Progestins
What does Progestins do
Cause increase secretions by the endometrium
Decreased motility in the uterus
Increased secretory development in mammary glands
Which hormonal drug is similar to progestrone
Progestin
Which hormonal drug suppresses estrogen and treats false pregnancy
Progestins
What is Progestins clinically used for?
To suppress estrus
Treat false pregnancy
Behavioral disorders
Progestin responsive dermatitis
Prostaglandins consists of a group of naturally occurring long chain ____acids
Fatty
What is the primary use of prostaglandins
Regulation of activity in and treatment of conditions of the female reproductive tract
T or f
Of the six classes ( A B C D E F) only prostaglandin F2alpha has significance
T
_____causes lysis of the corpus luteum, contraction of uterine muscle, and relaxation of the cervix
F2alpha
What does lysis of the corpus luteum results in a decline of?
Plasma level of progesterone and through the negative feedback mech. Initiates a new estrous cycle
What does lysis of the corpus luteum result in through negative feedback mech.
A new estrous cycle
What are drugs that affect uterine contractility used for?
Used during pregnancy to cause an abortion
At term to induce parturition
Aid in the delivery of the fetus or placenta
Cause involution of the uterus after delivery
What should you always do before drugs that affect uterine contraction are administered?
Ensure that the cervix is dilated
Uterine contractility drugs:
Oxytocin
Ergot
Prostaglandins
Corticosteroids
Which uterine contractility drug is a polypeptide made in the hypothalamus and stored in the posterior pituitary
Oxytocin
Where is oxytocin released from?
From the reproductive tract or mammary gland
Which hormone causes strong uterine contractions by increasing the contractility of uterine myofibrils?
Oxytocin
How does oxytocin cause strong uterine contractions?
By increasing the contractility of uterine myofibrils
How is oxytocin used clinically?
Cause more forceful uterine contractions as an aid in delivery of the fetus
To assist in delivery of the placenta
Cause uterine involution
Reduce bleeding of the uterus after delivery
When should you only use oxytocin
When the cervix is sufficiently dilated and when it can be determined that the fetus can be delivered normally through the pelvic canal
Which hormone is responsible for milk letdown from the mammary glands
Oxytocin
How is the drug oxytocin released?
Endogenously after stimulation of the udder
Response to environmental stimuli such as sound of milking machines
Which uterine drug is a fungus that grows on rye grass
Ergot
_____ causes smooth muscle contraction and intense vasoconstriction
Ergot
What can occur if vasoconstriction is serve enough
Ergot
Gangrene
Sloughing
______ stimulate uterine smooth muscle and can be used to induce parturition or abortion
Progstaglandin
Which is a group of hormones comprised by the adrenal cortex and used for their anti inflammatory effect but can cause induction of parturition in the last trimester of pregnancy
Corticosteroids
_____odors released by animals that influence the behavior of other animals of the same species.
Pheromones
What is the analog of the feline facial pheromone
Feliway
Pheromone (Feliway) labeled for use in stopping or preventing ____ marking and to comfort cat in unknown environment
Urinary
Example in dog pheromone
DAP or dog appeasing hormone
What is DAP what does it do
Dog appeasing hormone mimics appeasement pheromone which female dogs secrete to comfort nursing puppies
What does DAP label indicate
Used to calm dogs during thunderstorms
Fireworks
Visit by strangers
Or move to new environment
Feliway is labeled to:
Prevent urinary markings
Comfort cat in unknown environment
______ hormone is made up of two lobes on either side of the trachea located near the thyroid cartilage of the larynx
Thyroid
What are the thyroid hormones composed of
Composed of follicles
When thyroid hormone gets stimulation by TSH from the anterior pituitary it produces what?
Two metabolically active hormones
What are the two abnormalities of thyroid function
Hypo and hyperthyroidism
What events does thyroid hormones control?
Metabolic rate
Growth and development
Body temp
Heart rate skin condition resistance to infection
____is considered to be the active form of thyroid hormones at the cellular level
T3
What is partially converted to T3 after release
T4 aka thyroxine
What animal is hypothyroidism most often found in?
Dogs
How is hypothyroidism is characterized by:
Lethargy
Cold intolerance
Dry hair coat
Bradycardia
Hyperthyroidism is most often in what animal
Older cats
Characteristics of hyperthyroidism
Weight loss Increased appetite Restlessness Hyper excitability Tachycardia
What are some drugs used to treat hypothyroidism
Levothyroxine sodium T4
Ex. Soloxine
2) liothyronine sodium
Thyroid stimulating hormone TSH
Treatment of hypothyroidism consists of ______ of thyroid hormones on a daily basis
Supplementation
Do clinal signs of hypothyroidism usually resolve within a short time of treatment, but lifelong therapy is required?
Y or n
Y
Hyperthyroidism treatment is directed at lowering blood levels of __ and ___
T3
T4
To treat hyperthyroidism you should destroy or remove overproducing thyroid gland or block hormone production
T or f
T
Is drug therapy to block hormones in hyperthyroidism curative
No it’s continuous
Some drugs to treat hyperthyroid are
Methimazole aka tapazole Carbimazole Ipodate Propylthiouracil Radioactive iodine Propanolol
Radioactive iodine aka I-131 is given ___ to destroy over productive thyroid tissue
IV
How many times can radioactive iodine be performed? What animal
Once cat
Another name for hyperadrenocortism
Cushing’s syndrome
What is the most common diagnosed endocrine disorders in dogs and horses?
Hyperadrenocortism ( Cushing syndrome )
Why do signs of hyperadrenocortism occur
Because of an excess of circulating glucocorticoid especially cortisol
_____ is an hormone produced in the cortex of the adrenal gland helps the body respond to stress and prepare the body for fight or flight
Cortisol
Two forms of spontaneous Cushing’s syndrome
Pituitary dependent hyperadrenocorticism (PDH)
Adrenal dependent hyperadrenocorticism (ADH)
Which form of Cushing syndrome is most common and occurs due to a benign tumor of the pituitary gland
(PDH) pituitary dependent hyperadrenocorticism
Which form of Cushing syndrome occurs less common and occurs due to a tumor on one or both adrenal glands
Adrenal dependent ( ADH)
T or f
PDH tumor causes the pit to produce large amount of ACTH which stimulates the adrenal to make large amount of cortisol
T
Hypoadrenocorticism other name is:
Addison disease
_____is adrenocortical insufficiency which results in decent production of corticosteroids and mineralcorticoids
Hypoadrenocorticism ( Addison’s disease)
Ketoconazole is an anti fungal agent that treats Cushing’s
T or f
T
It is used to treat cats with Cushing’s especially to stabilize patient before adrenalectomy
Metyrapone
Mitotane treats ____
PDH
Mitotane side effects are:
Weakness Ataxia Vomiting Long term glucocorticoid Possible mineralocorticoid replacement therapy
_____ is an adrenal cytotoxic agent that inhibits or destroys the cortisol producing layers of the adrenal gland
Mitotane
Selegiline had disappointing clinical studies
T or f
T
Selegiline is a monoamine ____ used for cognitive dysfunction and PDH in dogs
Oxidase-B inhibitor
______ anti fungal agent that treats Cushing
Ketoconazole
Trilostane side effects
Lethargy
Weakness
V/D
Inapprtance
What is the adrenal steroid synthetic inhibitor that treats PHD due to adrenal tumors
Trilostane
Pancreas secretes 2 hormones that regulate bg
Insulin
Glucagon
Where does the pancreas produce the two principle hormones
In special cells in the islets of Langerhans
What cell is insulin produced by?
What cell glucagon?
Beta cell
Alpha cell
Insulin causes a ____ in blood glucose cells
Glucagon promotes an ____
Decrease
Increase
Insulin facilitates cellular uptake of _____ and it’s storage in the form of _____ and fat
Glucose
Glycogen
T or f
Insulin inhibits the breakdown of fat, protein, and glycogen into forms that may be used as energy sources.
T
In the absent of insulin the body cannot use ___ and must break down its own fat
Glucose
Diabetes mellitus is a complex disease that results from the ability of the___ cells of the pancreas to produce enough insulin
Beta
The most common diabetes mellitus is called type I or insulin dependent and it’s found in dogs and cats
T or f
T
Diabetes mellitus is caused by inefficient use of insulin
T or f
T
Type 1 is also known as insulin dependent
T or f
T
Diabetes mellitus that results from inadequate secretion of insulin is called ______
Type 1 or insulin dependent
Diabetes mellitus that results from resistance of tissue to the action of insulin is called ______
Type II or non insulin dependent
Type II or non insulin is rare and it occurs more often in cats
T or f
T
Both forms of diabetes mellitus cause
Polydipsia
Polyuria
Weight loss
Untreated diabetes proceeds to a condition called ______ ______ in which body fat is metabolism as a substitute energy source
Diabetic ketoacidosis
______is a condition in which body fat is metabolized as a substitute energy source
Diabetic ketoacidosis
Metabolism of body fat results results in accumulation of byproducts called____ bodies which promote metabolic acidosis that can lead to death
Ketone
Bg levels can be increased by:
Corticosteroids
Epinephrine
Progesterone
Should you be cautious when giving the drugs corticosteroid, epinephrine, to your diabetic pet
Y or n
Yes
Is sudden changes in diet and exercise level safe? Why or why not
No it can alter the blood glucose level an cause an imbalance in the ratio of insulin to glucose
Is insulin given orally effective. Why or why not
Not effective because when given orally the digestive tract breaks down the protein molecule before it can be absorbed
How can insulin be given
Sq
IM
IV
Sources of insulin
Beef or pork pancreas
Which source of insulin is very close in structure to dog and human
Pork insulin
Which source of insulin is very close in structure to a cat
Beef insulin
How is insulin concentration measured
In units of insulin per milliliter
What are the available concentration of insulin
40 (U-40). 100 (U-100). 500(U-500)
U-40 concentraction makes administering small amounts needed for cats easier
T or f
T
What color too does a U 40 have
Res
U 100 syr have an 100 top and are used for 40 insulin
T or f
F used for U-100
U-40 syringes have a red top and must be used with U-40 insulin
T or f
T
Usually best to feed the pet ___ minutes before giving insulin
30
Before giving insulin to pet you should
Feed the pet 30 minute before Roll cloudy insulin between your palm Do not shake Rotate injection site Treat mild hypoglycemia with Karo syrup
It is okay to shake insulin before giving to pet
T or f
F do not shake
How would you classify insulin
Short acting
Intermediate acting
Long acting
What does short acting include?
Regular
Lispro
Aspart
Short acting includes regular, _____ , and aspart.
Lispro
Intermediate acting includes:
MPH
PZA
Lenten
MPH, ____ and Lente are immediate
PZA
Which two are classified as long acting
Detemir
Glargine
______ insulin is fast acting and is clear solution that may be given IV, IM or SQ.
Regular
Regular insulin is fast acting and is a clear solution that may be given ____, ___, or _____.
It is a short acting insulin*
IV
IM
SQ
What is short acting insulin used to treat for?
Diabetic ketoacidotic pets until blood glucose levels are reduced and the animal is metabolically stable
What is the side effect of short acting insulin?
Overdose Weakness Ataxia Shaking sz
T or f
Although not required on the label, refrigeration of short acting insulin probably enhances storage?
T
Short acting insulin is used to treat ____ pets until blood glucose levels are ____ and the animals is metabolically stable.
Ketoacidotic
Reduced
In intermediate acting insulin what are the intermediate insulin
NPH ( neutral protamine hagedorn)
PZI ( protamine zinc insulin)
Lente
NPH is a cloudy suspension of ____ insulin crystals and protamine zinc
Zinc
What is intermediate acting insulin commonly used for?
For control of uncomplicated diabetes in dogs and cats
Which insulin is used for control of uncomplicated diabetes in dogs and cats
Intermediate acting insulin
T or f
Vetsulin ( U-40) was withdrawn but is now back on the market
T
Prozinc (U-40) is used for:
Cats or dogs
Which one
Cats
Two examples of intermediate acting insulin;
Vetsulin (U-40) which was withdrawn now back used for cats and dogs
Prozinc for cats (U-40)
Intermediate acting insulin resuspension by gently rolling bottle is required before the product is withdrawn
T
Long acting insulin two examples
Glargine ( lantus)
Detemir (Levemir)
Lantus is labeled as ____ insulin used to treat uncomplicated DM
Peakless
Which long acting insulin is peak less and is used to treat uncomplicated DM
Lantus
The onset of action of various insulin can vary from a few minutes to a few___.
Hours
What can influence insulin activity?
Exercise level
Eating patterns
Insulin overdose can lead to varying degrees of _____ that produce clinical signs ranging from mild weakness to coma
Hypoglycemia
Insulin overdose can lead to varying degree of hypoglycemia that produce clinical signs ranging from mild ____ to _____
Weakness
Coma
To use insulin feed animal___ minutes before giving insulin, roll ___ insulin between palms, do not shake except _____.
30
Cloudy
Vetsulin
When using insulin use syringes only once?
T or f
T
How can you treat mild to moderate hypoglycemia resulting from an overdose of insulin
Feed pt Karo syrup
When should insulin be disposed
After 30 days or 100 injections
How to give insulin:
Feed 30 minutes before giving Roll cloudy insulin between palms Do not shake ( except vetsulin) Disposed after 30 days or 100 injections Rotate injection site Use strings only once
Hormones that act as growth promoters
Sex steroids
Synthetic steroid analogs
Nonsteroidal analogs
Growth hormone functions:
Control growth
Feed efficiency
Carcass composition
The primary sex steroid used to promote weight gain is _____
Estrogen ( estradiol)
How does estrogen( estradiol) promote weight gain?
Through increased water retention
Increased protein synthesis
Increased fat deposition
Possible increased release of growth hormone
_____ is also added to growth promoters to slow the release of estradiol.
Progesterone
____ is the primary sex steroid used because it increases water retention , protein syn, growth hormone release and fat deposition.
Estrogen
_____ is used as adjunct to estrogen to slow it’s use and prolongs it’s effective lifespan
Testosterone
Growth hormone examples:
Bovine somatotropin
Bovine growth hormone
Growth hormone _____ is a hormone produced by the anterior pituitary
Somatotropin
Which growth hormone is produce by the anterior pituitary
Somatotropin
What is the function of growth hormone
It’s function before the onset of puberty is to stimulate growth
Growth hormones are released throughout life to promote______
Anabolic activity (increase protein synthesis)
_____ steroids produce a tissue building effect.
Anabolic
Testosterone is a naturally occurring anabolic steroid that produces ______ in addition to its anabolic effect
Masculininization
Anabolic steroids are _____ controlled substances for the potential for abuse by body builders
C-III
Anabolic steroids also promote ______ formation and used to treat some firms of ______.
rbc
Anemia
Anabolic steroids are labeled for clinical use for dogs and cats for ______, _______ and ______
Anorexia
Weight loss
Debilitation
T or f
Anabolic steroid administration causes positive nitrogen balance and reserves processes that break down tissue
T
Some anabolic steroids:
Stanozolol ex. winstrol
Boldenone undecylenate
Nandrolone Decanoate
Increase appetite , weight gain, improved overall condition and recovery are promoted in anabolic steroids
T or f
T
T or f
Anabolic steroids promote rbc formation and are used to treat some forms of anemia?
T
Anabolic steroid administration causes positive _____ balance
Nitrogen
T or f
Anabolic steroids produce a tissue building effect.
T
What growth hormone is released throughout life to promote anabolic activity?
Somatotropin
What is the function of Somatotropin?
Before the onset of puberty is to stimulate growth
T or f
The factors that control growth, feed efficiency, and carcass composition animals can be effected by hormones acting as growth promoters
T
Estrogen is the primary ____ steroid.
Sex
What is the mechanisms by which estradiol (estrogen) promotes weight gain includes:
Increase water retention
Increased protein synthesis
Increase fat deposition
Possible increased release of growth hormone
_____ is used as adjunct to estrogen to slow its use because it is an anabolic agent in itself
Testosterone
T or f
Testosterone is naturally occurring anabolic steroid
T
Used to promote rbc formation and are used to treat some forms of anemia
Anabolic steroids
What is FSH?
Follicle-stimulating hormone. It stimulates ovarian follicle growth and spermatogensis
FSH is a tropic hormone produced by the anterior pituitary that
It’s a follicle stimulating hormone
that stimulates ovarian follicle growth and spermatogenesis
What is TSH, a tropic hormone produced by the anterior pituitary?
It is a thyroid stimulating hormone
It stimulates thyroid to produce T3/T4
What is ACTH?
It is a tropic hormone produced by the anterior pituitary
It is an adrenocorticotropic
Stimulates production of corticosteroids by adrenal cortex
What is GH and what does it do?
it’s a tropic hormone and the anterior pituitary
Growth hormone
and it’s also called somatotropin
What is LH? It is a tropic hormone of the anterior pituitary
Luteinizing hormone
It stimulates ovulation and testosterone production
