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Vet 2 > Culture/Gram Stains. Manduca Class > Flashcards

Culture/Gram Stains. Manduca Class Flashcards

0
Q

Bacteria are grown or cultured on growth medium that contains a variety of nutrients and chemicals. These additives may be specialized for certain growth requirements of specific bacteria or they may be used in identification of certain bacteria. Bacteria have specific nutritional needs for growth, requiring a source of…

A

Source of Energy, carbon, nitrogen, minerals and other growth factors
5

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1
Q

Bacteria are grown or

A

Cultured

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2
Q

Bacteria cultures were grown first in broth such as

A

Meat infusions and blood

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3
Q

Who realized the need for solid media and attempted to cultural bacteria on…

A

Robert Koch

Attempted to culture bacteria on potato slices

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4
Q

Why was it wrong for Koch to add gelatin when the bacteria wouldn’t grow on potato slices

A

It liquefied a new standard incubation techniques

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5
Q

Angelina Hess suggested

A

The addition of agar, a dry extract of marine red algae, as a solidifying agent

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6
Q

Today what is the most commonly used solid buying agent in culture media and who suggested it

A

Agar

and Angelina Hess

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7
Q

What are the three unique properties of agar

A

Few microbes can degenerate it
It liquefies at 100°C
In remains liquid until cooled to 40°C

Once solidified, it can be incubated to temperatures up to 100°C and remain solid

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8
Q

What are the three most common forms of culture media

A

Agar plate (petri plate)
Agar slants
Liquid broth

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9
Q

Petri or agar plate when…

A

When heated and poured into a plate and allowed Solidify

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10
Q

When is it called a slant?

Then what?

A

When poured into a tube, tilted and cooled

The media is then Sterilized in an autoclave

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11
Q

Most bacteria grow on what?

A

Complex media

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12
Q

What are usually supplied by protein in the form of meat extracts and partially digested proteins called peptone?

A

Organic carbon, energy and nitrogen sources

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13
Q

What are partially digested proteins called?

A

Peptones

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14
Q

Organic carbon, energy and nitrogen sources are usually supplied by…

A

Proteins in the form of meat extracts and partially digested proteins called peptones

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15
Q

What is a commonly used liquid complex medium?

A

Nutrient broth

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16
Q

Nutrient broth is a commonly used…..

and when agar is added it becomes…

A

Commonly is liquid complex medium

It becomes nutrient agar

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17
Q

Types of cultural media? (7)

A

1) Basic nutrient agar
2) enriched media
3) selective media
4) differential media
5) enrichment media
6) synthetic media
7) transport media

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18
Q

What is basic nutrient agar?
What does it contain?

Four examples…

A

Basic nutrient agar, a.k.a. general-purpose media, contains ingredients needed to support general types of microorganisms:

Ex: 1)Protein- principal nutrient needed for growth

     2) Salt – adjusted to keep osmotic pressure isotonic for the bacterial cell
     3) Dextrose – source of energy
     4) Meat extract – provides carbohydrates, nitrogen, and vitamins
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19
Q

Gen. purpose media is also known as?

A

Basic nutrient agar

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20
Q

Enriched media

A

Basic nutrients media with extra nutrients added, such as:
blood
Serim
egg
…. to meet the requirements of most fastidious bacteria (blood agar, chocolate agar)

21
Q

Selective media?

A

Contains antibacterial substances that inhibit or kill all but a few types of bacteria to facilitate isolation of a particular genus from a mixed Inoculum (MacConkey agar)

22
Q

Differential media?

A

Make distinctions between bacteria by using biochemical reactions that occur on the medium (Simmons citrate medium, MacConkey agar, blood agar)

23
Q

Enrichment media?

A

Liquid media that favor the growth of a particular group of organisms or contain inhibitory substances that suppresses inhibitors (Thioglycollate both, Tetrathionate broth, Selenite broth)

24
Q

Synthetic media

A

Prepared from pure chemical substances that their exact chemical composition is known

25
Q

Transport media

A

Designed to keep microbes alive while not encouraging growth and reproduction
(Culturettes used for specimen collection contain transport medium)

26
Q

Primary purpose of microbiology examination?

A

identification of bacteria pathogens

27
Q

Most cellular organelles are absent except cell walls, plasma membranes, and

A

And ribosomes.

Some contain capsules and Flagella and can develop endospores

28
Q

Bacteria Has specific requirements for

A

PH, temperature, oxygen tension, and nutrition

They need to be taken into consideration when collecting and preparing microbiology Samples

29
Q

Majority of clinically significant bacterial species require a pH in the range of

A

6.5 to 7.5

30
Q

What are obligate aerobes bacteria And obligate anaerobes bacteria?

A

Aerobes- is bacteria that requires oxygen to survive

Anaerobe- it’s bacteria that is killed in the presence of oxygen, this growth is inhibited in the presence of oxygen

31
Q

What are organisms that can survive in the absence of oxygen but their growth is limited?

A

Facultative anaerobes

32
Q

What bacteria prefers reduce oxygen tension?

A

Microaerophillic bacteria

33
Q

What bacteria requires high levels of carbon dioxide?

A

Capnophilic bacteria

34
Q

What bacteria has strict requirements?

A

Fastidious microbes

35
Q

Bacteria has specific requirements for

Especially….

A

4
PH, temperature, oxygen intention, and nutrition

Es… Temp, nutrition, and oxygen

36
Q

Nearly all bacteria that are pathogenic to animals grow best in what degrees and Are referred to as what?

A

20-40°C and I referred to as mesophiles

37
Q

Bacteria temperature is 20° to 40°C normally,

but lower and higher temperature requirements are referred to as…

A

Low – psychrophiles

Higher – thermophiles

38
Q

The criteria for bacteria include

A

Shape, size, arrangement, and chemical reactivity

39
Q

According to their shaped bacteria can be organized by (4)

A 
As
1- cocci
2- spiral
3- bacillus
4 pleomorphic:  shape ranging from Cocci to Rods
40
Q

Coccus (I) bacteria shape:

A

Spiracle cells,

such as Staphylococcus aureus, the causative agent of mastitis in animals

41
Q

Spiral bacteria shapes are

A

Usually occur Singly and can be subdivided into

1 loose spiral’s,
such as borrelia anserina, which causes avian borreliosis

Or

2 tight spirals
Such as Leptospira Pomona, which causes red cattle disease in cattle,

3 comma- Shaped spirals
Such as Campylobacter fetus, a cause of abortion cattle

42
Q

Bacillus bacteria shape

A

Shaped like rods or cylinders, such as

Bacillus anthracis, the causative agent of anthrax in animals and human beings

43
Q

There is a variety of arrangements for bacteria like

A

Single, pairs, clusters or bunches, change, & palisades

44
Q

Single. Some bacteria occur singly such as

A

Spirilla ( singular, spirillum)

And most bacilli (single, bacillus)

45
Q

Pair Arrangement

A

Such as Streptococcus pneumonia a (diplococcus)

46
Q

Cluster or bunches

A

Some bacteria occurs in clusters, bunches, or groups

For example Staphylococcus aureus forms in grape like clusters

47
Q

Chain arrangements

A

Some bacteria grows in short or long chains

Like streptococcus species

48
Q

Palisades

A

Or Chinese letters pattern

Such as Corynebacterium species

49
Q

Bacteria cells contain a single DNA strand and reproduce primarily by

A

Binary fission

50
Q

Heat fixing helps

A

Preserve cell morphology
Helps keep sample from washing off the slide
Kills bacteria and renders them permeable to stain

Vet 2 (10 decks)

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