Endocrine physiology

Question 0

Anabolic insulin effects

Answer 0

Increases ~> Glucose transport, glycogen synthesis and storage, Na retention, protein syntheseis

Question 1

Insulin independent transporters

Answer 1

GLUT 1 RBC rbc, brqin, cornea
GLUT 2 beta islet cells, kidney, small intestine
GLUT 3 brain
GLUT5 fructose spermatocytes, GI tract

Question 2

Insulin regulation

Answer 2

Glucose enters B cells, increased ATP leads to K channel closure, depolarization of cell membrane, calcium influx, insulin exocytosis into blood stream

Question 3

Dopamine and prolactin

Answer 3

Dopamine inhibits prolactin

Question 4

Growth hormone

Answer 4

Secretion inhibited by glucose and somatostatin release via negative feedback by somatomedin

Question 5

ADH FUNCTION

Answer 5

Regulates serum osmolarity(V2 receptors) and BP (V1 receptor)
Level decreased in Central diabetes Insipidus (Desmopressin)
Normal or increased in nephrogenic diabetes (V2 receptor mutation)

Question 6

Cortisol physiology

Answer 6

BIG FIB
Increased BP, Insulin resistance, Gluconeogenesis
Decreases Fibroblast activity, inflammatory/immune response, bone formation

Question 7

Vitamin D (cholecalciferol) funciton

Answer 7

Increase absorption of dietary calcium and phosphate; increase bone resorption

Question 8

Parathyroid hormone function

Answer 8

Increase bone resorption of calcium and phosphate
Increase 1,25 OH2D3 production by stimulating kidney 1 alpha hydroxylase in PCT
Increases RANK L which stimulates osteoclasts
Trashes phosphate

Question 9

Thyroid hormones

Answer 9

T3/T4
T3 4 Bs - Brain maturation, bone growth, beta adrenergic effects, basal metabolic rate
T4 major thyroid product converted to T3 by 5’ deiodinase
Peroxidase responsible for oxidation and organification of iodide and coupling of MIT AND DIT

Question 10

Wolff Chaikoff effect

Answer 10

Excess iodine inhibits thryoid peroxide temporarily, decreases iodine organification and decreases t3/4 production