Endocrine Pharmacology

Question 0

Oral hypoglycemic drugs

Answer 0

Biguanides - metformin - lower Gluconeogenesis, increase glycolysis, increase peripheral glucose uptake, serious lactic acidosis
Sulfonyl urea - close K channel in beta cells and lead to endogenous insulin release, useful only in TYPE 2DM
Glitazone/thiazolidinediones - increased insulin sensitivity in peripheral tissue, bind to PPAR gamma nuclear transcription regulator, used in a TYPE 2 DM

Question 1

Insulin Preparations

Answer 1

tx for type 1,2, GDM
Rapid acting - aspart, glulisine, lispro - binds insulin receptor, increase glucose storage as glycogen, triglyceride storage
Intermediate acting - NPH
Long acting - Detemir, Glargine

Question 2

Oral hypoglycemic drugs analogs and inhibitors

Answer 2

All for type 2 except for Amylin
GLP- 1 analog - increase insulin,decrease glucagon
DPP 4 inhibitor - increase insulin,decrease glucagon
Amylin analog - decrease gastric emptying and glucagon
SGL2 inhibitor - block glucose reabsorption
Alpha glucosidase inhibitor - inhibit intestinal brush border alpha glucosidase, delayed carbohydrate hydrolysis

Question 3

Demeclocycline

Answer 3

ADH antagonist used for SIADH TX

TOX- nephrogenic DI, photosensitivity, abnormalities of bone and teeth

Question 4

Cinacalcet

Answer 4

Sensitizes Ca sensing receptor in Parathyroid gland to circulating Ca, lowers PTH
Used for hypercalcemia due to primary or secondary hyperparathyroidism
TOX hypocalcemia

Question 5

Levothyroxine t4 and triiodothyronine t3

Answer 5

Thyroid hormone replacement used for treating hypothyroidism, myxedema
TOX tachycardia, tremors, hear intolerance