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endocrine > endocrine pharm > Flashcards

endocrine pharm Flashcards

1
Q

D2 receptor agonists and job

A

cabergoline

bromocriptine

inhibit prolactin

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2
Q

somatostatin analogs

A

otreotide

pasireotide

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3
Q

GH receptor antagonist

A

pegvisomant

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4
Q

Hyperpituitarism results in increased secretion of pituitary hormones, often caused by a _______

A

pituitary adenoma

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5
Q

growth hormone releasing hormone

A

somatocrinin

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6
Q

growth hormone release inhibiting hormone

A

somatostatin

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7
Q

Hypopituitarism results in reduced secretion of various hormones, and is treated by replacing them with ____________

A

natural or synthetic analogs

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8
Q

mineralocorticoids like ______, replacement is used for defect in the ____

A

fludrocortisone, used in primary adrenal defect

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9
Q

glucocorticoid antagonists

A

mifepristone, spironolactone

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10
Q

glucocorticoid synthesis inhibitors

A

ketoconazole, aminoglutehimide

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11
Q

primary adrenal insufficiency pathologies

A

adrenal destruction (autoimmune), adrenal dysgenesis (genetic), cortisol synthesis defects (genetic)

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12
Q

hypocortisolism results in

A

hypoglycemia, hypercalcemia and anemia, high ACTH/MSG, pigmentation

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13
Q

____ leads to hyponatremia, hyperkalemia, and water loss

A

hypoaldosteronism

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14
Q

Addisons disease is treated with

A

replacement steroid hormones

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15
Q

gerneralized symptoms of hypercortisolism

A

weight gain, slow healing of cuts, increased risk of infections, fatigue, glucose intolerance, headache, moonfaced, buffalo hump, hirsutism, striae

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16
Q

Pasireotide: MoA

A

Inhibits the release of GH from corticotrophic cells in the pituitary gland

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17
Q

Ketoconazole & aminoglutethimide: MoA

A

Inhibit the synthesis of cortisol

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18
Q

ketoconazole has _____ effects in men such as

A

anti-androgenic such as decreased libido and impotence

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19
Q

ketoconazole has drug interactions due to inhibition of

A

CYP3A4

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20
Q

Mifepristone & spironolactone: MoA

A

Competitively inhibit cortisol binding to the GC receptor

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21
Q

spironolactone toxicity

A

hyperkalemia

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22
Q

Conn syndrome

A

primary hyperaldosteronism

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23
Q

bisphosphonates

A

alendronate, risedronate, ibandronate, zoledronate

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24
Q

Bisphosphonates: MoA

A

Bind to bone and cause osteoclasts to die (apoptosis)

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25
Q

bisphosphonate can cause ____ due to caustic chemistry

A

esophagitis due to caustic chemistry

26
Q

bisphosphonates should be taken on an _____ and patients should remain upright for an hour after ingestion.

A

empty stomach

27
Q

osteonecrosis of the jaw can be seen in

A

bisphosphonates and denosumab

28
Q

______ is a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM)

A

Raloxifene

29
Q

pro-estrogenic effects of raloxifene

A

in bone, reverses osteoporosis

30
Q

toxicities of raloxifene

A

VTE, stroke, death

31
Q

Denosumab: MoA

A

Blocks activation of osteoclasts by interfering with RANKL

32
Q

Parathyroid hormone effect on bone

A

release of Ca from bone (increased reabsorption)

33
Q

______ is identical to a fragment of PTH but stimulates osteoblasts and Ca2+ absorption into bone

A

Teriparatide

34
Q

PTH derived peptides

A

teriparatide, abaloparatide

35
Q

PTH stimulates osteoporosis____ and teriparatide stimulates osteoporosis____

A

osteoclasts,

osteoblasts

36
Q

Conversion of T4 to T3 in each tissues allows for ______ of hormone levels

A

local control

37
Q

A ______ (D2) converts T4 to T3 within each tissue

A

deiodinase

38
Q

hypothyroidism is treated with

A

thyroid hormone

39
Q

synthetic thyroid hormone

A

levothyroxine T4

40
Q

T4 is preferred due to long ____ and better local control of T3 levels

A

long half life

41
Q

drugs to treat primary hyperthyroidism

A
  • iodide uptake inhibitor
  • thionamides (thyroid peroxidase inhibitors)
  • radionuclides
42
Q

signs of graves disease

A

exophthalmos, periorbital edema, clubbing, dermopathy (red swollen skin)

43
Q

Hyperthyroidism may be caused by an ______ that mimics the action of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)

A

auto-antibody

44
Q

____ counterintuitively inhibits thyroid hormone synthesis

A

potassium iodide (KI)

45
Q

Wolff - Chaikoff effect

A

Potassium iodide (KI), counterintuitively, inhibits thyroid hormone synthesis

46
Q

Radioactive I131 MOA

A

Absorbed by the thyroid gland (through the Na/I) and kills thyroid cells

47
Q

Thionamides drugs that block the organification of iodide to iodine by thyroid peroxidase

A

propylthiouracil and methimazole

48
Q

thionamide preferred during 1st trimester of pregnancy

A

Propylthiouracil because methimazole is teratogenic

49
Q

Gestational hyperthyroidism is a

A

transient form of thyrotoxicosis caused by excessive stimulation of thyroid gland by hCG

50
Q

Propylthiouracil: MoA

A

Also inhibits the D2 deiodinase and the conversion of T4 to T3 in peripheral tissues

51
Q

major toxicity of propylthiouracil/methimazole

A

leukocytopenia and neutropenia

52
Q

Converts energy stored as a H+-gradient into heat instead of into ATP

A

T3

53
Q

T3 activates

A

Rank-L for bone maintenance,
UCP for thermoregulation,
beta 1 to increase cardiac output

54
Q

diabetes mellitus results from high serum ____

A

glucose

55
Q

type 1 diabetes

A

pancreases fails to produce insulin

56
Q

type 2 diabetes

A

cells fail to respond to insulin properly

57
Q

treatment of type 1 diabetes

A

insulin

58
Q

treatment of type 2 diabetes

A

treat with stimulators of insulin production or reduce serum glucose without insulin

59
Q

after insulin binds the tyrosine kinase receptor, ___ receptor is exocytosed to the membrane

A

GLUT4 so glucose can enter the cell

60
Q

High serum glucose inhibits the reuptake of _____, increasing urine output

A

Na+ and water

endocrine (7 decks)

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