adrenal normal function and assessment

Question 1

3 main hormones produced by the cortex

Answer 1

Aldosterone – zona glomerulosa
Cortisol – zona fasiculata
Androgens – zona reticularis

Question 2

zone that makes aldosterone

Answer 2

zona glomerulosa

Question 3

zone that makes cortisol

Answer 3

zona fasiculata

Question 4

zone that make androgens

Answer 4

zona reticularis

Question 5

hormones produced by the medulla, and examples

Answer 5

Catecholamines (synthesized from tyrosine)

Dopamine, epinephrine and norepinephrine

Question 6

catecholamine synthesis

Answer 6

Tyrosine > L-Dopa > Dopamine > Norepinephrine > Epinephrine

Question 7

epinephrine metabolite

Answer 7

metanephrine

Question 8

Dopamine metabolite

Answer 8

homovanillic acid (HVA)

Question 9

Acts at renal collecting duct to increase sodium reabsorption and potassium excretion (helps to regulate BP)

Answer 9

aldosterone

Question 10

functions of cortisol

Answer 10

Increase blood pressure and gluconeogenesis, decrease bone formation, inflammation and immune function

Question 11

androgens in females are responsible for development of

Answer 11

development of pubic and axillary hair, libido

Question 12

Dopamine causes

Answer 12

vasodilation

Question 13

Norepinephrine causes intense ____

Answer 13

vasoconstriction

Question 14

primary target of aldosterone

Answer 14

Kidneys, Blood vessels, Heart

Question 15

stimulators of aldosterone

Answer 15

Angiotensin II
High K+
Low Na+

Question 16

cortisol is stimulated by

Answer 16

ACTH

Question 17

stimulatory factors of catecholamines

Answer 17

sympathetic fibers

Question 18

at moderately high levels, dopamine binds ____ receptors;

Answer 18

β1 beta 1

Question 19

at very high levels, dopamine binds ____

Answer 19

alpha receptor

Question 20

catecholamines generally increase _______ and decrease _____ release

Answer 20

glycogenolysis/lipolysis

insulin release

Question 21

effect of NE on PVR

Answer 21

increase

Question 22

epinephrine effect on PVR

Answer 22

none

Question 23

aldosterone is regulated by

Answer 23

• Renin + angiotensin I + angiotensin II + aldosterone

- Decreased EC fluid volume, decreased arterial pressure and sodium depletion activate

Question 24

factors that affect levels of catecholamines

Answer 24

• Stress, excitement and anxiety increase
• Drugs often increase (TCA and caffeine)
• Withdrawal states (alcohol, clonidine)

Question 25

posture can affect ____ release

Answer 25

aldosterone

Question 26

androgens are stimulated by ___

Answer 26

ACTH

Question 27

cortisol is stimulated by ___

Answer 27

ACTH

Question 28

For adrenal cortex, measure:

Answer 28

Aldosterone with renin
Plasma cortisol, or 24h urine (for insufficiency and excess, respectively)
Sex steroids

Question 29

aldosterone is inhibited by

Answer 29

-Increased EC fluid volume and increased arterial pressure