Endocrine Pathology Flashcards
There are six hypothalamic hormones that regulate six anterior pituitary hormones. Outline which go with which, and give the target organs.
**it’s not one-to-one. very tricky.
TRH(+) --> TSH --> thyroid Dopamine(-) --> Prolactin --> mammary/ovary CRH(+) --> ACTH --> adrenal GHRH(+)/GIH(-) --> GH --> most tissues GnRH(+) --> FSH/LH --> gonads
What hormones come from the posterior pituitary? How does the posterior differ from the anterior in terms of how hormones are produced and released?
ADH and oxytocin are released from the posterior pituitary.
Posterior pituitary hormones are secreted in the hypothalamus and stored in the pituitary.
Anterior pituitary hormones are secreted by specific cells in the pituitary.
T/F: the majority of pituitary adenomas are non-functioning.
True.
MC & 2MC functional pituitary adenoma
- Prolactinoma
2. GH-secreting (somatotropinoma)
MC tumor in the brain
Pituitary adenoma
MC initial presentation of pituitary apoplexy
Sudden headache with rapidly worsening visual field defect
MC presentation of Sheehan syndrome
Agalactorrhea
Pituitary apoplexy
- Definition
- Usu occurs in present of existing…?
- Acute hemorrhage or infarction of pituitary gland
- Pituitary adenoma
Pituitary adenoma
- Gross appearance (typical)
- Micro appearance
- Soft, well-circumscribed lesion confined to sella turcica
- Small round cells with uniformly round nuclei arranged in nests or cords.
Sheehan syndrome
- Population
- Definition
- Postpartum women
- Necrosis of pituitary dt blood loss following childbirth.
(Pituitary enlarges during pregnancy to produce prolactin, no increase in blood supply. Excessive blood loss at childbirth can result in ischemia)
MC patient profile for empty sella syndrome
Multigravida who is hypertensive and obese
MC craniopharyngioma in adults? kids?
Adults: papillary
Kids: adamantinomatous
Characteristic signs of craniopharyngioma on histo (3)
- circles
- pallisading
- wet keratinization
MC mets to pituitary
Breast, lung
MC cause of hypothyroidism in US
Hashimoto’s thyroiditis
What findings are associated with DeQuervain’s thyroiditis?
Thyroid granulomas and giant cells
MC cause of hyperthyroidism
Grave’s disease
MC thyroid cancer
Papillary carcinoma
MC mets of thyroid cancer
Cervical lymph nodes
MC cause of primary hyperparathyroidism
Single, sporadic parathyroid adenoma
MC cause of secondary hyperparathyroidism
Renal failure
MC cause of primary hyperaldosteronism
Functional adrenal adenoma
MC & 2MC cause of Cushing’s syndrome
1: Glucocorticoids
2: Pituitary or adrenal tumor
MC cause of primary Addison’s disease
Autoimmune destruction of adrenal cortex
