Endocrine Patho. Flashcards
What is gestational diabetes?
-Type of diabetes that occurs during pregnancy.
-They have chronic hyperglycemia during gestation.
-Often occurs during 2nd/3rd trimester.
What is diabetes insipidus?
-Related to an insufficiency of ADH that causes polyuria and polydipsia.
-Normally just called “diabetes”.
What are some clinical manifestations of hypoglycemia?
-Pallor
-Tremors
-Tachycardia
-Diaphoresis
-Confusion
-Headaches
What happens to your body during a diabetic ketoacidosis?
-There is a lack of insulin within the body, so the body can not use glucose for energy.
-The liver starts to make more glucose which builds up in the blood stream.
-The body starts to break down fats as a source of energy which then produces ketones. Ketones then build up in the bloodstream.
- Ketones and glucose get filtered out by the kidneys which results in polyuria as the body attempts to get rid of it all.
What causes hyperosmolar hyperglycemia state?
It is caused by partial or relative insulin deficiency.
What is Addison’s disease?
-Caused by a deficiency of glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids.
-Most commonly caused by autoimmune reactions.
What are the clinical manifestations of Addison’s disease?
-Decreased BGL
-High risk of infections
-Poor stress response
-Fatigue
-Anorexia, nausea, diarrhea
What is Cushing Syndrome?
-Excessive amount of glucocorticoids
-Caused by a pituitary tumor, adrenal cortex tumor, iatrogenic (caused by a disease).
-Clinical manifestation: Suppressed immune response, atrophy of the lymphoid, hypertension
What is goiter?
-Enlargement of the thyroid gland
-Caused by various hyper, hypo, and normal thyroid conditions
-Iodine deficiency
What is hyperthyroidism?
-Excessive secretion by the thyroid gland
What can cause hyperthyroidism?
-Graves Disease
-Autoimmune disorder
-Toxic goiter
-Thyroid crisis
What are some of the S/S of hyperthyroidism?
-Increased appetite
-Heat intolerance
-Hair loss
-Tachycardia
-Protruding eyes
What is a thyroid storm?
-It’s a life-threatening condition of the thyroid gland that develops in cases of untreated thyrotoxicosis (high levels of thyroid hormones).
What is hypothyroidism?
Deficient production of thyroid hormone but the thyroid gland.
What are the S/S of hypothyroidism?
-Low basal metabolic rate (slow heart rate)
-Decreased cold intolerance
-Fatigue, weight gain, lethargic
-Depression
