Endocrine of Reproduction Flashcards
what is day 1-5 of menstrual cycle?
bleeding
what is day 6-14 of menstrual cycle?
follicular/proliferative phase
what happens in follicular phase?
growth and maturation of follicles and proliferation of the endometrial lining
what hormone dominates in follicular phase
estrogen
what is day 14-15 of menstrual cycle?
ovulation
what is day 15-28 of menstrual cycle?
luteal/secretory
what happens in luteal/secretory phase?
follicle remnants changes to corpus luteum
endometrial lining develops secretory glands
what hormone dominates luteal phase of menstruation cycle
progesterone
what hormone stimulates LH and FSH production?
GnRH
during ovulation, what is favored by GnRH pulses, LH or FSH release?
LH
during follicular phase, what is favored by GnRH pulses, LH or FSH release?
FSH
what hormone peaks in ovulation?
estrogen
what happens to remnants of follicle after ovulation?
it will degenerate into corpus luteum
is FSH high or low in the luteal phase?
low
why is FSH low in luteal phase?
because estrogen, progesterone and inhibin all can inhibit its release
when follicles begin to grow, what receptor do they begin to increase?
FSH receptor
how do granulosa cells make estrogen?
well they cannot on their own…theca cells take up cholesterol and make androgens that are transported to granulosa to turn into estrogen
what hormone is in charge of thickening the endometrium?
estrogen
what hormone is in charge of stabilizing the endometrium?
progesterone
a dominant follicle i the end of the follicular phase produces lots of estrogen, what does this cause with other follicles/
they become atretic and back to good old eggs
in late follicular phase, what receptors do granulosa cells express?
both LH and FSH receptors
in the late follicular phase, what does LH receptor allow granulosa cell to do?
convert cholesterol into progesterone
what hormone do granulosa cells start to release at end of follicular phase?
inhibin
at end of follicular phase, what hormone causes the surge in LH?
estrogen peaks and causes a peak in LH…this is positive feedback to level of hypothalamus
the peak in LH causes what in menstruation cycle?
ovulation
what cells form the corpus luteum?
granulosa and theca cells of the follicle
what is mittelschmerz?
medical pain for ovulation pain
do theca cells respond to LH or FSH?
LH
do granulosa cells respond to LH or FSH?
FSH
what three things does corpus luteum produce in luteal phase?
progest
estrogen
inhibin
what does progest estrogen and inhibin cause with FSH and LH secretion in mid luteal phase?
it inhibits their release
what is corpus luteum dependent on to maintain integrity during luteal phase?
needs LH
what rescues the corpus luteum in pregnancy?
hCG
as corpus luteum fails, progest and estrogen decline, this leads to an increase in what hormone?
FSH
the decline in progest and estrogen at end luteal phase leads to what with endometrium?
shedding
what hormone is hCG very similar to?
LH
what does high estrogen cause in cervical mucus at end of prolifeative phase?
high estrogen leads to production of watery/elastic cervical mucus
what does high progesterone cause in cervical mucus at secretory phase?
makes cervical mucus scant and thick
what does progesterone do to body temperature?
it will increase the temperature when it peaks
what cells do LH target in males?
leydig
what cells do FSH target in males?
sertoli cells
what is another name for the sertoli cells?
nurse cells
what cell in males make testosterone?
leydig cells
where does leydig cells transfer the testosterone to?
to the sertoli cells
what is on sertoli cells that helps uptake of testosterone?
androgen binding protein
what can sertoli cells not do?
they cannot produce testosterone
what does FSH cause in sertoli cells?
increase androgen binding protein production
