endocrine (novak) Flashcards
other name for pituitary gland
hypophysis
other name for the pot pit
neurohypophysis
other name for the ant pit
adenohypophesis
what forms ADH
supraoptic nucleus
what forms oxytocin
paraventricular nucleus
common medical name for ADH
vasopressin
what does ADH do
initiates water reabsorption during dehydration; increases bp through vasoconstriction; increases secretion caused by sweating/nicotine/sleeping; decreased secretion caused by alcohol caffeine…
diabetes insipidus
hyposecretion of ADH which will produce large amounts of dilute urine
what does oxytocin do?
uterine contractions, smooth muscle contractions during an orgasm, milk let-down
what hormone does the pineal gland make
make melatonin from seratonin
what does melatonin do
regulate circadian rhythm; protect against free radicals; inhibits reproductive functions
precocious puberty
a problem with melatonin release from the pineal gland causing puberty too early
characteristics of the thyroid gland
butterfly, inferior to larynx, largest pure endocrine gland, 2 lobes connected by an isthmus
type of cells in thyroid follicles
simple cuboidal
thyroglobulin
protein stored in the colloid of follicle cells and contains the building blocks of thyroid hormones
t/f. the thyroid is controlled by a hormone released form the ant pit
true. TSH
thyroid hormones
calcitonin, thyroxine (t3) and triiodothyronine (t4)
endemic goiter
result of a lack of dietary iodine necessary for the thyroid hormones
main effect of the thyroid hormones on the rest of the body
speeds up metabolism
example of hyperthyroidism
thyrotoxicosis and graves disease
example of hypothyroidism
hashimotos, myxedema, cretinism
calcitonin
inhibits osteoclast activity, decreases blood Ca level
parathyroid hormones are secreted by
chief cells
functions of PTH
increases osteoclast activity, increases blood Ca level
result of PTH hyperfunction
osteoporosis, kidney stones, depression
result of PTH hypofunction
low blood calcium levels - cramps, numbness and tingling, tetanus, weak, mood swings, brittle hair and nails
ovary hormones
estrogens, inhibin, and progestins
estrogen function
made by folicular cells to support follicle maturation, secondary sex characteristics, behaviors; targets most cells
inhibin function
produced by follicular cells to inhibit FSH; tagets pit gland
progestin function
produced by the corpus luteum to prepare the uterus for implantation and mamary glands for secretion; targets uterus and mammary glands
testes hormones
androgens and inhibin
androgen function
produced by interstitial cells for maturation of sperm, secondary sex characteristics, behaviors, and synthesis of skeletal muscle; targets most cells
inhibin function
produced by nurse cells to inhibit FSH secretion; targets pit gland
hirsutism/hypertrichosis
super hairy as a result of gonadal hormone dysfunction
intestine hormones
secretin, gastrin, cholecystokinin
function of intestine hormones
target digestive organs, coordinate digestive activities
kidney hormones
EPO, calcitriol, renin
EPO function
targets red bone marrow to increase RBC production; targets blood vessels to vasoconstrict
calcitriol function
release calcium from bone, inhibits PTH; targets intestinal lining, bone, kidneys
renin function
renin to angiotensin to angiotensin I to angiotensin II; decreases water loss by kidneys, stimulates thirst, increases bp; stimulates aldosterone and ADH release; targets adrenal, pit, and kidney
heart hormones
natriuretic peptides
natriuretic peptide function
stimulated by increasing blood vol stretching the tissues of the heart; increases water and salt loss at kidneys, decrease thirst, suppress secretion of ADH and aldosterone
t/f. the thymus atrophies after puberty
true
thymus hormones
thymopoetin and thymosis
thymus hormone function
coordinate and regulate immune response
adipose tissue hormone
leptin
what does leptin do
suppress appetite, increase gonadotropin synthesis
