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DMD 5248 > endocrine (novak) > Flashcards

endocrine (novak) Flashcards

1
Q

other name for pituitary gland

A

hypophysis

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2
Q

other name for the pot pit

A

neurohypophysis

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3
Q

other name for the ant pit

A

adenohypophesis

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4
Q

what forms ADH

A

supraoptic nucleus

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5
Q

what forms oxytocin

A

paraventricular nucleus

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6
Q

common medical name for ADH

A

vasopressin

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7
Q

what does ADH do

A

initiates water reabsorption during dehydration; increases bp through vasoconstriction; increases secretion caused by sweating/nicotine/sleeping; decreased secretion caused by alcohol caffeine…

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8
Q

diabetes insipidus

A

hyposecretion of ADH which will produce large amounts of dilute urine

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9
Q

what does oxytocin do?

A

uterine contractions, smooth muscle contractions during an orgasm, milk let-down

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10
Q

what hormone does the pineal gland make

A

make melatonin from seratonin

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11
Q

what does melatonin do

A

regulate circadian rhythm; protect against free radicals; inhibits reproductive functions

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12
Q

precocious puberty

A

a problem with melatonin release from the pineal gland causing puberty too early

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13
Q

characteristics of the thyroid gland

A

butterfly, inferior to larynx, largest pure endocrine gland, 2 lobes connected by an isthmus

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14
Q

type of cells in thyroid follicles

A

simple cuboidal

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15
Q

thyroglobulin

A

protein stored in the colloid of follicle cells and contains the building blocks of thyroid hormones

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16
Q

t/f. the thyroid is controlled by a hormone released form the ant pit

A

true. TSH

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17
Q

thyroid hormones

A

calcitonin, thyroxine (t3) and triiodothyronine (t4)

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18
Q

endemic goiter

A

result of a lack of dietary iodine necessary for the thyroid hormones

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19
Q

main effect of the thyroid hormones on the rest of the body

A

speeds up metabolism

20
Q

example of hyperthyroidism

A

thyrotoxicosis and graves disease

21
Q

example of hypothyroidism

A

hashimotos, myxedema, cretinism

22
Q

calcitonin

A

inhibits osteoclast activity, decreases blood Ca level

23
Q

parathyroid hormones are secreted by

A

chief cells

24
Q

functions of PTH

A

increases osteoclast activity, increases blood Ca level

25
Q

result of PTH hyperfunction

A

osteoporosis, kidney stones, depression

26
Q

result of PTH hypofunction

A

low blood calcium levels - cramps, numbness and tingling, tetanus, weak, mood swings, brittle hair and nails

27
Q

ovary hormones

A

estrogens, inhibin, and progestins

28
Q

estrogen function

A

made by folicular cells to support follicle maturation, secondary sex characteristics, behaviors; targets most cells

29
Q

inhibin function

A

produced by follicular cells to inhibit FSH; tagets pit gland

30
Q

progestin function

A

produced by the corpus luteum to prepare the uterus for implantation and mamary glands for secretion; targets uterus and mammary glands

31
Q

testes hormones

A

androgens and inhibin

32
Q

androgen function

A

produced by interstitial cells for maturation of sperm, secondary sex characteristics, behaviors, and synthesis of skeletal muscle; targets most cells

33
Q

inhibin function

A

produced by nurse cells to inhibit FSH secretion; targets pit gland

34
Q

hirsutism/hypertrichosis

A

super hairy as a result of gonadal hormone dysfunction

35
Q

intestine hormones

A

secretin, gastrin, cholecystokinin

36
Q

function of intestine hormones

A

target digestive organs, coordinate digestive activities

37
Q

kidney hormones

A

EPO, calcitriol, renin

38
Q

EPO function

A

targets red bone marrow to increase RBC production; targets blood vessels to vasoconstrict

39
Q

calcitriol function

A

release calcium from bone, inhibits PTH; targets intestinal lining, bone, kidneys

40
Q

renin function

A

renin to angiotensin to angiotensin I to angiotensin II; decreases water loss by kidneys, stimulates thirst, increases bp; stimulates aldosterone and ADH release; targets adrenal, pit, and kidney

41
Q

heart hormones

A

natriuretic peptides

42
Q

natriuretic peptide function

A

stimulated by increasing blood vol stretching the tissues of the heart; increases water and salt loss at kidneys, decrease thirst, suppress secretion of ADH and aldosterone

43
Q

t/f. the thymus atrophies after puberty

A

true

44
Q

thymus hormones

A

thymopoetin and thymosis

45
Q

thymus hormone function

A

coordinate and regulate immune response

46
Q

adipose tissue hormone

A

leptin

47
Q

what does leptin do

A

suppress appetite, increase gonadotropin synthesis

DMD 5248 (7 decks)

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