ANS (wilcox and novak) Flashcards
2 divisions of the ans
sympathetic and parasympathetic
which division of the ans deals with fight or flight
sympathetic
responses to increased sympathetic activity
heightened mental alertness, increased metabolic rate, reduced digestive and urinary function, energy reserves activated, increased resp rate and resp passageways dilate, increased HR and BP, sweat glands activated
sympathetic pregangnlionic neuron characteristics
myelinated, short, extensive branching
sympathetic post ganglionic neuron characteristics
not myelinated, long, few branches
sympathetic spinal cord origin
T1 - L2
sympathetic chain ganglia
innervates effectors in the thoracic cavity, head, and limbs
sites of ganglia in the sympathetic pathways
sympathetic chain ganglia, collateral ganglia, adrenal medullae
collateral ganglia
anterior to vertebrae, innervates organs in the abdominopelvic region
adrenal medullae
releases NT directly into bloodstream
responses to parasympathetic activity
decreased metabolic rate, decreased HR and BP, increased secretion by salivary and digestive glands, increased motility and blood flow in the digestive tract, urination and defecation stimulation
parasympathetic preganglionic neuron characteristics
myelinated, long, few branches
parasympathetic postganglionic neuron characteristics
not myelinated, short, few branches
parasympathetic spinal cord origins
brainstem and sacral spinal cord
autonomic neurotransmitters
epinephrine, norepinephrine, acetylcholine, nitrous oxide
how does the sympathetic pathway stimulate release of NE and E
through adrenergic receptors that will activate enzymes on the inside of the cell membrane via G proteins
alpha adrenergic receptors stimulate
smooth muscle contraction
NE is more potent, release NE and E
beta adrenergic receptors stimulate
smooth muscle relaxation and heart muscle contraction, release NE and E
alpha 1 receptor action
more common, releases intracellular Ca from ER, has EXCITATORY effect on cell
alpha 2 receptor action
lowers cAMP in cyto, has INHIBITORY effect on cell, coordinates symp/parasympathetic activities
beta receptors action
increases intracellular cAMP, triggers metabolic changes, affects many organ membranes
beta 1 receptor action
increases metabolic activity, HR
beta 2 receptor action
relaxation of smooth muscles along resp tract, vasodilation to heart and skeletal muscles
beta 3 receptor action
lipolysis
cholinergic sympathetic terminals action
stimulate sweat gland secretion and dilate blood vessels, release ACh
nitroxidergic sympathetic synapses
produce vasodilation and increase blood flow, release NO
t/f. all parasympathetic neurons release ACh
true.
what inactivates ACh at the synapse
acetylcholinesterase
t/f. nicotinic receptors are only on the surface of parasympathetic ganglionic cells
false. they can also be on sympathetic ganglionic cells
muscarinic receptor characteristics
at cholinergic neuromuscular/glandular junctions in the parasymp; at cholinergic junctions in the sympathetic; deal with G proteins which make them longer lasting than nicotinic and can be exitatory/inhibitory
are nicotinic receptors on postganglionic cell or target organ?
post ganglionic cell and open cationic channels
are muscarinic receptors on the post gang cell or target organ?
target organ and are activated by ACh
are adrenergic receptors on the post gang cell or target organ?
target organ of sympathetic pathway and are activated by NE or E
Enteric nervous system
Coordinates processes of GI
Somatic nervous system
Controls skeletal muscles under voluntary control
Parasympathetic origin
Brain stem CN III, VII, IX, X and sacral spinal cord
Each sympathetic chain ganglia contains ___ cervical ganglia, ___ thoracic, ___ lumbar, ___ sacral, ___ coccygeal
3, 10-12, 4-5, 4-5, 1
What is the only sympathetic ganglia that innervation the head?
Superior cervical sympathetic ganglion
Carotid plexus
Group of neurons wrapped around internal carotid artery going to the head
CN associated with ciliary ganglion
CN III
CN associated with pterygopalatine and submandibular ganglia
CN VII
CN associated with otic ganglion
CN XI
CN associated with intramural ganglion
CN X
T/f. The vagus nerve provides 50% of all parasympathetic outflow
False. 75%
T/f. Nicotinic receptors are always excitatory.
True. For muscle contraction
