Endocrine, Nervous, and Reproductive systems

Question 1

Signaling in animals

Answer 1

-Nervous system
-Endocrine system

Question 2

Endocrine system

Answer 2

– Long-distance chemical signals
* Hormones
– Sent endocrine glands or cells

Question 3

Nervous system

Answer 3

– Primarily electrical signals
– Short-distance chemical signals
– Sent by neurons

Question 4

Neurosecretory cells in animals

Answer 4

• neurons that release hormones

Question 5

Antidiuretic hormone is secreted by the posterior pituitary gland. Where is it produced?

A. Anterior pituitary
gland

B. Hypothalamus

C. Kidney

D. Posterior pituitary
gland

Answer 5

B. Hypothalmus

Question 6

Neuroendocrine System in Insects

Answer 6

Neurosecretory cells in
brain produce hormones
– Juvenile hormone

Ecdysteroid produced by
prothoracic gland

Question 7

Ecdysteroid:

Answer 7

(arthropods ) triggers molting behavior
-outer skin shedding

Question 8

Which class of hormones are directly
encoded in the genome of an
organism?
A. Amines
B. Auxins
C. Proteins
D. Steroids

Answer 8

C. Proteins

Question 9

Neurons

Answer 9

• Send and receive electrical and chemical
  signals
• To and from other neurons or other cells
• Present in all animals except sponges
• Number vary widely
  – C. elegans (nematode roundworm) has 302
  – Wasp has several thousand
  – Humans have 100 billion

Question 10

Action Potential

Answer 10

• Electrical signal of a single neuron
• All or nothing process
• Neurons cannot send a “weak” or “strong”
  signal
• How is intensity communicated?
  – Number of neurons firing
  – Frequency of firing

Question 11

Neurotransmitters

Answer 11

• Chemical signals between neurons
  – Bridge synapse
• Categorized by effect of receiving cells
  -Excitatory - increase likelihood of action potential in receiving cell
  -Inhibitory - decrease likelihood of action potential

Question 12

External Fertilization with Parental
Contact

Answer 12

• Eggs laid in discrete cluster
• Male deposits sperm over eggs
• A few arthropods, some fish, many
  amphibians
• Allows female mate choice (sexual selection)

Question 13

Reproductive Hormones

Answer 13

Hormone
1. Estradiol
2. Follicle stimulating
hormone
3. Gonadotropin releasing
hormone (GnRH)
4. Luteinizing hormone
5. Progesterone
6. Testosterone

Question 14

Reproductive glands

Answer 14

A. Hypothalamus
B. Ovaries
C. Pituitary gland
D. Testes

Question 15

What specifically produces
progesterone in the ovary?
A. Corpus luteum
B. Egg
C. Follicle
D. Leydig cells
E. Sertoli cells

Answer 15

A. Corpus luteum

Question 16

What hormone is the primary active
ingredient in birth control pills?
A. Estradiol
B. FSH
C. GnRH
D. LH
E. Progesterone

Answer 16

E. Progesterone

Question 17

Hormonal Control of
Reproduction (Menstrual
Cycle)

Answer 17

• Ovaries contain follicles
  (immature egg cells)
• FSH and LH activate one follicle
• Estradiol threshold triggers spike
  in LH
• LH spike triggers ovulation
• Progesterone inhibits
  hypothalamus
• Prevents ovaries from maturing of
  another follicle
• Degeneration of corpus luteum
  removes progesterone source
• Uterine lining shed
• Brake on hypothalamus removed

Question 18

Estradiol produced by

Answer 18

ovaries

Question 19

what produces progesterone in the ovary

Answer 19

corpus luteum

Question 20

Follicle stimulating hormones produced where…

Answer 20

pituitary

Question 21

GnRH production location?

Answer 21

hypothalmus

Question 22

Luteinizing hormone produced where

Answer 22

pituitary

Question 23

GnRH triggers

Answer 23

FSH, and LH

Question 24

FSH and LH trigger

Answer 24

estradiol

Question 25

after estradiol builds up, it can spike and trigger what?

Answer 25

LH