Endocrine & Metabolic Disorders Flashcards
an autoimmune disorder, previously called juvenile or insulin-dependent DM
DM type I
is polygenic and influenced by the environment. The incidence is increasing secondary to higher lifespan and body habitus
DM type II
may develop during pregnancy and may persist afterward
Gestational DM
occurs as a result of another issue such as medication side effect or pancreas dysfunction. Search for underlying cause
Secondary DM
is a result of genetic defects in insulin secretion or action
Genetic DM
Type __ patients do not produce endogenous insulin and have absolute insulin deficiency
type 1
Cellular insulin resistance and/or impaired insulin release characterize type __ DM
type 2
Do type 2 diabetics frequently get ketoacidosis?
No
Type 1 often get this
Pregnancy results in insulin resistance and relative insufficiency of insulin production, which may result in ________ diabetes
gestational
_________ surgery, chronic __________, _______ ________, and ___________ can damage the pancreas and impair insulin secretion sufficiently to produce clinical DM.
Pancreatic surgery
Chroni pancreatitis
Cystic fibrosis
Hemochromatosis
What comprises metabolic syndrome?
Hypertension
insulin resistance
dyslipidemia
truncal obesity
Some adults initially appear to have type 2 DM but develop autoantibodies to pancreatic islet cells and subsequently become insulin dependent. They havewhat?
latent autoimmune diabetes of adulthood
Chronic hyperglycemia causes dysfunction in multiple organ systems, specifically _________ and ________
cardiovascular and renal
Chronic hyperglycemia-induced soft-tissue changes and cellular swelling affect ________ anatomy, which may result in difficult _______ visualization due to stiff tissue and joints.
Airway anatomy
Glottic visualization
Complications of DM are a result of chronic hyperglycemia-induced tissue _________, _______ stress, and _________ ________ ___ activation
glycosylation
oxidative stress
protein kinase C activation
