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Pharmacology Spring 2021: Set 2 > Endocrine Medications: Antithyroid > Flashcards

Endocrine Medications: Antithyroid Flashcards

1
Q

What is another name for antithyroid drugs?

A

Thyroid antagonists

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2
Q

What conditions do antithyroid medications treat?

A

Hyperthyroidism

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3
Q

What is another term for hyperthyroidism?

A

Thyrotoxicosis

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4
Q

What type of medications are used to treat hyperthyroidism?

A
  1. Thioamides

2. Beta Blockers

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5
Q

What are the generic and brand names of thioamides medications that treat hyperthyroidism?

A
  1. Methimazole (Tapazole)

2. Propylthiouracil

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6
Q

How do Beta Blockers treat hyperthyroidism?

A

To treat symptoms

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7
Q

Where are Thioamides absorbed?

A

GI tract

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8
Q

Where are Thioamides concentrated?

A

Thyroid

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9
Q

How are Thioamides metabolized?

A

Conjunction

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10
Q

How are Thioamides excreted?

A

In urine

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11
Q

How do Thioamides work to treat hypertyroidism?

A
  1. Block iodine’s ability to combine with tyrosine

2. Thereby preventing thyroid hormone synthesis.

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12
Q

What is the most common condition that causes hyperthyroidism? What percentage of hyperthyroid patients have this condition?

A
  1. Graves disease

2. 85%

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13
Q

Why would a provider choose Methimazole (Tapazole) over Propylthiouracil (or visa versa)

A
  1. Propylthiouraci lowers serum T3 levels faster

2. Propylthiouraci is usually used for rapid improvement of severe hyperthyroidism

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14
Q

What pregnancy category are Methimazole (Tapazole) and Propylthiouracil?

A

D

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15
Q

Are Methimazole (Tapazole) and Propylthiouracil okay to take during pregnancy?

A
  1. Propylthiouracil is preferred in the first trimester

2. Methimazole is used in the second and third trimesters

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16
Q

Why is Propylthiouracil preferred during pregnancy?

A
  1. Its rapid action reduces transfer of the drug across the placenta
  2. No risk of aplasia cutis
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17
Q

Are Methimazole (Tapazole) and Propylthiouracil excreted in breast milk?

A

Yes

18
Q

How often is methimazole dosed?

A
  1. Once a day for mild to mod hyperthyroidism

2. More often for severe hyperthyroidism

19
Q

Why is methimazole better when dosed once per day?

A

Blocks thyroid hormone formation for a longer

time

20
Q

Methimazole therapy may continue for how many months before remission occurs?

A

12 to 24 mo

21
Q

Other than pharmacologic therapy how else is hyperthyroidism treated?

A
  1. Surgical removal of Thyroid

2. Destroy thyroid by radiation

22
Q

What drugs interact with thioamides?

A

None

23
Q

What adverse reactions may occur with thioamide therapy?

A
  1. Granulocytopenia

2. Hypersensitivity

24
Q

What should be monitored when a patient is receiving thioamide therapy?

A
  1. Watch for signs of hypothyroidism
  2. CBC
  3. Hydration status
  4. Fever, sore throat, or mouth sores
  5. Severe rash or enlarged cervical lymph nodes
25
Q

What signs of hypothyroidism should be monitored for when a patient is receiving thioamide therapy? What actions should be taken if these are observed?

A
  1. Depression
  2. Cold intolerance
  3. Hard, nonpitting edema
  4. Adjust the dosage
26
Q

Why should CBC be monitored when a patient is receiving thioamide therapy?

A

To detect impending:

  1. Leukopenia
  2. Thrombocytopenia
  3. Agranulocytosis
27
Q

Why should Hydration status be monitored when a patient is receiving thioamide therapy?

A

This is a symptom of a GI related reaction

28
Q

Why should patient is receiving thioamide therapy be monitored for Fever, sore throat, or mouth sores?

A

These are early signs of agranulocytosis

29
Q

Why should patient is receiving thioamide therapy be monitored for Severe rash or enlarged cervical lymph nodes?

A

Indication of hypersensitivity

30
Q

What should a patient do if they are experiencing Severe rash or enlarged cervical lymph nodes with thioamide therapy?

A
  1. Call MD

2. D/c use

31
Q

What should be monitored when a patient is receiving propylthiouracil therapy?

A

Thyroid function tests

32
Q

How often should Thyroid function tests be monitored in a patient is receiving propylthiouracil therapy?

A
  1. Before therapy

2. Regularly thereafter

33
Q

Why should be Thyroid function tests be monitored when a patient is receiving propylthiouracil therapy?

A

Euthyroid state may not be reached until after 3 to 12 weeks of treatment with propylthiouracil.

34
Q

How often should propylthiouracil be dosed?

A

Several times a day

35
Q

Why is propylthiouracil dosed several times a day?

A

Short half-life

36
Q

What should a pateint taking thioamides avoid eating?

A
  1. Iodized salt

2. Eating shellfish

37
Q

What should NOT occur if a stable response has been achieved when taking antithyroid medications?

A

Switching to a different brand name

38
Q

What adverse reaction can occur in children taking thioamides?

A

May lose hair

39
Q

How long does the adverse effect of hair loss in children last when taking thioamides?

A

Temporary

40
Q

What circumstance should prompt a patient receiving thioamides therapy to notify their MD?

A

Unusual bleeding or bruising

Pharmacology Spring 2021: Set 2 (14 decks)

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