Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biochemisty S3 > Endocrine - Hormones II (Anterior Pituitary and Thyroid) > Flashcards

Endocrine - Hormones II (Anterior Pituitary and Thyroid) Flashcards

1
Q

What is the master control center of the endocrine system?

A

Hypothalmus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the target organ of the hypothalamus?

A

Pituitary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What stimulates TSH production? Where is it produced?

A

TRH - thyrotropin releasing hormone

Hypothalmus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What stimulates PRL (prolactin) production? Inhibits it?

A

PRF - prolactin releasing factor

PIH - prolactin release-inhibiting hormone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What stimulates ACTH production?

A

CRH - corticotropin releasing hormone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What stimulates both LH and FSH?

A

GnRH - gonagotropin releasing hormone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What stimulates GH? Inhibits GH?

A

GHRH - stimualtes

SS - inhibts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What portion of the hypothalamic releasing hormones prevents degredation and lengthens half-life?

A

Cyclic N-terminal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Are hormones of the anterior pituitary made on demand or made and stored? How are they released

A

Made and Stored in pre-existing vesicles

Vesicles exocytosed after stimulated by hormones from hypothalamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What three tissues does GH directly affect? Which tissue does it act on primarily to release IGF1?

A

Bone, Muscle, Adipose

Liver - primary source of LGF1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What hormones act through the JAK/STAT (nonreceptor tyrosine kinase) pathway? PIGG(L)ET

A 
Prolactin
Immunomodulators
GH
G-CSF
Erythropoietin
Thrombopoietin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How does the Jak/STAT kinase cascade begin?

A

Ligand binds to receptor
Receptor dimerizes upon hormone binding
Jaks phosphorylate as a result of dimerization
Jaks phosphorylate intracellular domains
STAT phoshphorylated by intracellular domain
Dimerization of stat and nuclear translocation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What does it mean the TSH, FSH, and LH are all glycoproteins?

A

All are glycosylated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Which subunit of g-protein receptors are the same? Which subunit is different? What does this allow?

A

Alpha - same subunit across receptors
Beta - different
Beta confers biologic activity of receptor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Is the Beta subunit active in the absence of the alpha-subunit?

A

No

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What hormones are considered Gs, adenylyl cyclase stimulated cAMP pathway? FLAT ChAMP

A 
FSH
LH
ACTH
TSH
CRH
hCG
ADH
MSH
PTH
17
Q

How does the Gs protein coupled receptor pathway tranduce a signal?

A

Binding of hormone to g-coupled receptor activates adenylyl cyclase
Adenylyl cyclase uses ATP to corm cAMP
cAMP acts on R2C2 (inactive PKA) and binds to R2, releasing it from PKA
C2 (PKA) now active and can phosphorylate proteins

18
Q

What is secreted from the intermediate lobe of the pituitary?

A

Pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC)

19
Q

What hormones are derived from POMC?

A

ACTH
MSH
Lipotropin
Endorphins

20
Q

How is POMC processed?

A

Processed at tissue level to generate hormones
ACTH - anterior pituitary
MSH - stimulates melanin synthesis at skin, produced in intermediate lobe of anterior pituitary

21
Q

How do hormones of the posterior pituitary differ from those of the anterior pituitary?

A

Hormones only stored in posterior pituitary. They are made in hypothalmus

22
Q

What two hormones are released by the posterior pituitary?

A

Oxytocin

ADH (vasopressin)

23
Q

What are neurophysins? What are they associated with?

A

Carrier proteins

Associated with oxytocin and vasopressin

24
Q

What concentrates iodide in thyroid cells?

A

Na/K ATPase pump

25
Q

What oxidizes Iodide to iodine?

A

Thyroperoxidase

26
Q

What catalyzes the addition of iodine to thyroglobulin? What does this produce?

A 
Thyroperoxidase
Produces MIT  (monoiodotyrosyl) and DIT (diiodotyrosyl) residues
27
Q

How are T3 and T4 formed?

A

Combining MIT and PIT residues on thyroglbulin

28
Q

After iodinated thyroglobulin is formed, where is it taken to?

A

Taken up in vesicles by thyrocytes and fuses with lysosomes

29
Q

What degrade thyroglobulin, releasing AA, T3, and T4? Where are T3 and T4 secreted?

A

Lysosomal proteases degrade thyroglobulin

T3 and T4 released into circulation

30
Q

Are thyroid hormones hydrophilic or hydrophobic?

A

Hydrophobic

31
Q

What are TBG and TBPA?

A

Carrier proteins for thyroxin

32
Q

What are T3Rs? Where are they found? What do they do?

A

T3 receptors
Found in nucleus
Unbound receptors bind silencer elements
Liganded receptors fuction as activators

33
Q

What is the biologically inactive form of T3?

A

rT3

Biochemisty S3 (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions