Endocrine + Hormones

Question 1

Endocrine system

Answer 1

Group of ‘ductless’ glands that secrete hormones into the bloodstream

Question 2

Hormones

Answer 2

Chemicals responsible for long term regulation of many bodily functions

Question 3

1. They may:

Answer 3

1. Activate certain genes in nucleus to produce a particular enzyme/protein

Question 4

2. They may:

Answer 4

2. Change shape/structure of enzyme to turn it “on or off”

Question 5

3. They may:

Answer 5

3. Change rate of production by changing rate of transcription/ translation

Question 6

Hormones may affect:

Answer 6

1. All body cells
2. Target cells
3. Target organs

Question 7

Types of hormones

Answer 7

1. Steroid
2. Protein
3. Amine

Question 8

Steroid hormones

Answer 8

1. Lipid soluble
   2.Membrane receptor in nucleus/cytoplasm
2. Slow but long lasting
3. Modifies gene activity (protein synthesis)

Question 9

protein/ amine hormones

Answer 9

1. Water soluble
2. Membrane receptor ON cell membrane
3. Quick but short lasting
4. Causes C-AMP to be released
5. can activate enxymes

Question 10

Receptor proteins

Answer 10

They are specific to one molecule (lock and key analogy)

Question 11

Saturation

Answer 11

When each receptor is bound to a molecule there is not further increase in cell activity rate.

Question 12

Enzyme amplification

Answer 12

one hormone molceule activates thousands of molecules

Question 13

Hormone clearance

Answer 13

Hormone molecules are turned off by breaking it down by either target cells or the liver and kidneys.

Question 14

Negative feedback hormones

Answer 14

hormone secretion must be closely regulated to prevent abnormal bodily function