Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Integrated Exam 5/9 > Endocrine Histo > Flashcards

Endocrine Histo Flashcards

1
Q

Endocrine Organs

A
  1. hypothalamus
    1a. pituitary gland
  2. thyroid gland
  3. parathyroid gland
  4. adrenal gland
  5. pancreas
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Nervous system characteristics

A
  • Fast reaction
  • Action potential
  • Neurotransmitters
  • Precision
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Endocrine system characteristics

A
  • Sustained regulation
  • Circulation
  • Hormones
  • Coordination
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Nervous system precision

A

sensation
movement
cognition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Endocrine system coordination

A

homeostasis
growth and development reproduction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Developmental Origin of Endocrine Glands

A
  • development from outgrowths of epithelial lining of cavities
  • endocrine cells in close association with blood vessels
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Classes of Hormones Based on Structure

A
  • glycoproteins
  • polypeptides
  • steroids
  • amines
  • intracellular receptors
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Steroid hormones

A

aldosterone
cortisol
estradiol
progesterone
testosterone
vitamin D

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Amine hormones

A

NE
Epi
Dopamine
T3
T4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Polypeptide secreting cells can store things in their secretory vesicles (hydrophilic)

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Steroid secreting cells cant store things bc theyre hydrophobic

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Where are steroid secreting cells located?

A
  • lipids
  • mitochon
  • SER
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

2 lobes of the pituitary gland

A

Anterior lobe:
- adenohypophysis
- gland tissue
- stains darker

Posterior lobe:
* is an extension of hypothalamus
- neurohypophysis
- nerve tissue
- stains lighter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

2 lobes of the pituitary gland image

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Pituitary gland ectoderm types (2)

A
  • oral ectoderm
  • neuro ectoderm
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Which direction does oral ectoderm grow?

A

upwards

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Which direction does neural ectoderm grow?

A

downwards

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Development of the Pituitary Gland

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

3 parts of the adenohypophysis:

A
  • pars tuberalis
  • pars intermedia
  • pars distalis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

3 parts of the neurohypophysis:

A
  • Pars nervosa
  • Infundibular stalk
  • Median eminence
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Adenohypophysis and Neurohypophysis labeled

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Adenohypophysis and Neurohypophysis image

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Adenohypophysis and Neurohypophysis layers labeled

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Adenohypophysis and Neurohypophysis layers labeled

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Adenohypophysis and Neurohypophysis layers labeled
26
Pituitary Blood Supply:
1. internal carotid A 2. superior hypophysial A 3. primary capillary plex 4. hypophysial portal veins 5. secondary capillary plex 6. inferior hypophysial A
27
Pituitary Blood Supply Diagram
28
Neurohypo Blood Supply
Dual: - superior - inferior
29
Adenohypo Blood Supply
- superior only
30
Locate: CT, RBC's, SV
31
Pars distalis cells arrangement
- arranged in clumps or cords - separated by large diameter fenestrated capillaries
32
Pars distalis cells based on STAINING RXNS (3 types)
ABC -> D (distalis) 1. Chromophobes (50%) 2. Acidophils (40%) 3. Basophils (10%)
33
Pars distalis cells labeled
note: chromophobes dont stain well
34
Pars distalis cells based on FUNCTION (5 types, 6 hormones)
1. Somatotropes (GH) 2. Lactotropes (prolactin) 3. Corticotropes (ACTH) 4. Gonadotropes (FSH, LH) 5. Thyrotropes (TSH)
35
What are folliculo-stellate cells?
- cells present in the anterior pituitary - NOT hormone-producing cells
36
Do folliculo-stellate cells produce hormones?
NO
37
cell with secretory vesicles vs no secretory vesicles image
38
EM image: localization of ACTH in cell
39
Image: foliculo-stellate cells with antibody
40
Pars intermedia characteristics
- Contains mixture of cells (basophils and chromophobes) - Characterized by colloid- filled cysts: residual lumen of Rathke’s pouch
41
Pars intermedia image
Located between the pars distalis and pars nervosa
42
Pars tuberalis characteristics
- Contains veins of the hypothalamohypophyseal system - Most cells are basophils
43
Pars tuberalis image
Surrounds infundibulum of the neurohypophysis
44
What does the neurohypophysis contain?
axons of neurons in the hypothalamus
45
Pars nervosa structural components (3)
1. Unmyelinated axons: cell bodies are located in the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei of the hypothalamus 2. Capillaries 3. Pituicytes: glial cells that support unmyelinated axons
46
What does the pars nervosa store and release (in herring bodies)
*supraoptic nucleus allows both to be produced and secreted - ADH (vasopressin) - oxytocin: let down of milk, contracts during childbirth
47
Herring bodies H&E
48
Herring bodies PAS
49
Pituicytes and endothelial cells in neuruhypo
endothelial cells bulge into cap
50
Small peptide hormones of the hypothalamus (3)
Pars nervosa hormones: 1. Supraoptic nucleus Median eminence hypophysiotropic hormones: 1. Paraventricular nucleus 2. Arcuate nucleus
51
Supraoptic nucleus hormones
- ADH (vasopressin) - Oxytocin
52
Paraventricular nucleus hormones
- Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TSH release) - Corticotropin-releasing hormone (ACTH release)
53
Arcuate nucleus hormones
- Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GH release) - Growth hormone-inhibiting hormone = somatostatin (GH inhibition) - Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (LH and FSH release) - Prolactin-inhibiting hormone = dopamine (prolactin inhibition)
54
Hormones of hypothalamus regulation
- Regulatory hormones: travel thru primary capillary plexus  → portal veins → into the ANTERIOR pituitary - Direct release hormones (ADH & OXY): secreted and released directly into POSTERIOR pituitary via nerve signals through stalk
55
Where is the thyroid gland located?
infront of trachea
56
Structural unit of thyroid gland
thyroid follicle or acinus
57
Thyroid gland epi
simple cuboidal/columnar
58
What is follicular cavity of thyroid gland filled with?
- iodine-rich colloid (precursor for thyroid hormones)
59
Are thyroid hormones hydrophobic or hydrophilic?
hydrophobic
60
What is found in stroma of thyroid gland?
- reticular connective tissue - adipose tissue - blood vessels
61
Thyroid gland image
62
Are there secretory ves in thyroid follicular cells?
NO
63
Are there secretory ves in thyroid parafollicular cells?
YES
64
Parafollicular vs follicular cells image
65
Parafollicular cells secrete
calcitonin
66
Follicular cells secrete
thyroxine
67
Parafollicular cell image
68
Follicular vs parafollicular cells in EM
*note no SV (left) vs SV (right)
69
What does calcitonin primarily target?
Bone
70
NET effect of calcitonin
71
Development of the Thyroid
72
Thyroid Hormone Synthesis
73
TSH/TRH regulation
74
Low TSH vs High TSH: EM image
75
How do TSH levels affect thyroid follicle cell shape
Low TSH → thyroid mass diminishes → flat cells Normal TSH → normal thyroid mass → cuboidal cells Increased TSH → increased thyroid mass → columnar cells cells
76
Parathyroid image
77
Parathyroid image
*note fat accumulation as age increases
78
Development of the Parathyroid Glands
Superior gland: 4th pouch Inferior gland: 3rd pouch
79
Principle and oxyphil cells image
80
Principle and oxyphil cells image
81
How does PTH influence blood Ca levels?
- increases blood Ca levels by promoting release of Ca from bone matrix and slowing Ca movement into urine - opposite of calcitonin which promotes movement of Ca in bone matrix
82
Adrenal glands develop from 2 tissues
- mesoderm: forms adrenal cortex - neural crest cells: forms adrenal medulla (can be packaged in SV)
83
Adrenal gland image: 3 regions
84
What type of cells are cortical cells?
Steroid-secreting cells
85
Adrenal cortex layers
- zona glomerulosa (outermost layer) - zona fasciculata (middle layer) - zona reticularis (innermost layer)
86
Adrenal cortex layers secretions: salt, sugar, sex...
- ZG: mineral corticoids (aldosterone) - ZF: glucocorticoids (cortisol) - ZR: gonadocorticoids (weak androgens; DHEAS)
87
zona glomerulosa
- stimulated by angiotensin II (renin) to release aldosterone - aldosterone promotes H2O and Na retention in kidney
88
zona fasciculata
- largest and lightest (stained) layer bc more lipid droplets - stimulated by ACTH to release cortisol - parallel array across bloodstream
89
Effects of cortisol on the body
90
zona reticularis
- stimulated by ACTH to release DHEAS (weak androgens)
91
Medulla of adrenal cortex
- stimulated by preganglionic fibers of SNS to release catecholamines (EPI and NE) - cells from neural crest origin
92
Chromaffin cells functions
- postganglionic sympathetic neruosecretory cells - secretory vesicles contain epinephrine or norepinephrine
93
Chromaffin cells stained with chromic acid salts are brown
94
What do EPI and NE constrict?
*Glucocorticoids secreted from the cortex induce the conversion of NE to EPI - NE constricts arteries throughout body - EPI constricts arteries of the skin, increases CO, bronchiole dilation, anxiety, ect.
95
What type of fxn does pancreas have?
Mixed: exocrine and endocrine
96
Exocrine pancreas glandular component
- ductal system (acinar and duct cells)
97
Endocrine pancreas glandular component
- islets of Langerhans (rich blood supply for hormones to be directly released into blood)
98
Endocrine islet cell types secretions
alpha: glucagon beta: insulin delta: somatostatin
99
Blood flow thru pancreas
Endo: insuloacinar portal system Exo: acinar vascular system
100
Inhibit pancreatic exo secretion (3)
Glucagon PP SS
101
Stimulate pancreatic exo secretion (3)
Insulin VIP CCK

Integrated Exam 5/9 (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions