ENDOCRINE DRUGS

Question 1

What is endocrine system?

Answer 1

It is complementing the nervous system in controlling the body. It also works by sending or messenger such as neurotransmitters to send out responses and collect stimuli. It is a collection of glands and tissues that secrete hormones into the bloodstream.

Question 2

What is hormones and their types?

Answer 2

A chemical substance produced in the body and regulates the activity of certain cells or organs. There are 3 types of hormones: Peptide hormones, Steroid hormones and Amine hormones.

Question 3

What is the most important in drug acting on anterior pituitary gland?

Answer 3

Growth Hormone

Question 4

What part of drugs acting is the oxytocin and where did it use?

Answer 4

Drug acting on the Posterior Pituitary Gland and it is used to initiate labor, promote delivery of placenta and control post – partum hemorrhage

Question 5

There are 2 parts of Drug acting on endocrine system in Adrenal Glands:

Answer 5

It is Adrenal Medulla and Adrenal Cortex

Question 6

What are the medications under Glucocorticoids?

Answer 6

Hydrocortisone, Prednisone, Dexamethasone and Cortisone

Question 7

What are the cause of Hypothyroidism?

Answer 7

Thyroid Adenoma, it is hyperfunctioning thyroid or goiter

Question 8

What are the medications for thyroid?

Answer 8

Levothyroxine (T4), Thyroid desiccated (T3 and T4), Liothyronine (T3)

Question 9

What is the adverse effects of Thyroid Suppression?

Answer 9

Drowsiness, Lethargy, Bradycardia, Nausea and Skin Rash

Question 9

Why do we need to take iodine solutions especially with thyroid?

Answer 9

To prevent the client from having surgery

Question 10

What is Diabetes Mellitus?

Answer 10

It is derived from the Greek work for fountain and Latin for honey. Production of large volume off glucose rich urine

Question 11

There are 3 types can cope in the patient with diabetes mellitus

Answer 11

Defects in insulin secretion insulin action (sensitivity) or both

Question 12

What work of insulin in pancreas?

Answer 12

Secretes digestive enzymes. Also release insulin and glucagon from the Islets of Langerhans

Question 13

What is pharmacological action of drugs for diabetes?

Answer 13

It promotes cellular uptake of glucose (decrease glucose levels). It converts glucose into glycogen for storage purposes and moves potassium into cells (along with glucose).

Question 14

What is the types of insulin that use in diabetic medication and their parts?

Answer 14

rapid acting – Aspart, Lispro, Glulisinea
short acting – regular
intermediate acting - NPH, Lente
long acting – Ultralente, Glargine

Question 15

A list of medications that are generally considered inappropriate when given to elderly people and that contribute to adverse events?

Answer 15

Beers Criteria

Question 16

what is the emergency status for type 1 and type 2 of diabetes

Answer 16

Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a serious complication of diabetes that can be life-threatening. DKA is most common among people with type 1 diabetes. Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic Nonketotic Syndrome (HHNS) is a dangerous condition resulting from very high blood glucose levels. HHNS is most common among people with type 2 diabetes

Question 17

What are the insulin reminders?

Answer 17

Not all insulins available as clear solutions are short-acting and can be admitted IV and not all can be mixed with other insulins. ONLY NPH (intermediate active medication) is appropriate for mixing with short-acting insulin.

Question 18

What are different types of insulin for preparations?

Answer 18

Insulin pen, insulin jet and insulin pump

Question 19

What is anti-diabetic drugs for type II DM and their drugs?

Answer 19

Sulphonylureas (2 types)
* short acting – gliclazide and tolbutamide
* longer acting – chlorpropamide, glibenclamide, glipizide
Biguanide – Metformin HCI
Alpha-Glucosidae Inhibitors – Acarbose; Miglitol