ANTIBIOTIC DRUGS

Question 1

What are the five mechanisms of Antibacterial Action?

Answer 1

1. Inhibition of bacterial cell – wall synthesis
2. Alteration of membrane permeability
3. Inhibition of protein synthesis
4. Inhibition of the synthesis of bacterial RNA and DNA
5. Interference with metabolism within the cell

Question 1

What is bacteria?

Answer 1

Another name for single-celled creatures without a proper nucleus or nuclear membrane is prokaryotes. It has a cell wall, which governs how it is shaped.

Question 2

What are type of resistance and their meaning?

Answer 2

• Inherent – occurs without previous exposure to the drug
• Acquired – caused by prior exposure to the antibacterial

Question 3

What is the difference between Empiric Therapy and Definitive Therapy?

Answer 3

Empiric therapy is when a drug selected is known to be the best drug can kill the MO and Definitive therapy is once the MO is identified in the lab, the antibiotic therapy is tailored by using the most narrow-spectrum, least toxic drug based on C&S results

Question 4

What are the 4 host factors?

Answer 4

Immune System, Site of Infection, Pregnancy and Age

Question 5

What are the antibiotics affecting the bacterial cell wall?

Answer 5

Penicillin, Cephalosporins and other Inhibitors

Question 6

What are the antibiotics affecting Protein synthesis?

Answer 6

Tetracyclines, Macrolides and Aminoglycosides

Question 6

What are the most medication for macrolides?

Answer 6

Azithromycin, Clarithromycin and Erythromycin

Question 7

Where did Aminoglycosides use for clients?

Answer 7

It use cautiously in clients with kidney impairment, premature and full term neonates

Question 8

What are the Urinary tract infections?

Answer 8

Sulfonamides, Trimethoprim, Fluoroquinolones, and Antiseptics

Question 9

What is Quinolones?

Answer 9

It destroy bacteria by altering their DNA, does not affect human DNA and also very potent bactericidal broad-spectrum antibiotics

Question 10

Where did it use Sulfamethoxazole-Trimethoprim (SMZ-TMP)?

Answer 10

It is use for treatment of UTI caused by: E. Coli, Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Neisseria

Question 11

What are the medication for Antiseptics?

Answer 11

Nitrofurantoin, and nitrofurantoin macro crystals, methenamine

Question 12

What are the types of Anti-Mycobacterium?

Answer 12

• M. Tuberculosis –most common, present as a pulmonary disease
• M. leprae –causing leprosy, observed symptoms on the skin and neurological system
• M. avium- intracellulare –often with GI symptoms

Question 13

RIPES means?

Answer 13

R – Rifampicin
I – Isoniazid
P – Pryzinamide
E – Ethambudol
S – Streptomycin

Question 14

What is Anti – Malarial drugs?

Answer 14

It used to kill Plasmodium organisms and work during the phases of the parasite’s growth inside humans.

Question 15

What are the drugs for Anthelmintics?

Answer 15

Albendazole, Praziquantel, Thiabendazole, Ivermectin, and Pyrantel

Question 15

What is the difference between Antiviral and Antiretrovirals?

Answer 15

Antivirals are a class of drugs which are used to treat viral infections. The antiviral drugs target diverse group of viruses such as herpes, hepatitis, and influenza viruses. Whereas antiretroviral are the drugs that are used to fight retrovirus infections which mainly include HIV.

Question 16

What is the medication for treatment in uncomplicated infection?

Answer 16

Artemeter-Lumifantrine (AL) and Primaquine

Question 17

What is the goal of HAART?

Answer 17

Decrease viral load to undetectable levels, Preserve and increase number of CD4+T cells, Prevent resistance, Have client in good clinical condition and Prevent secondary infections and cancers.