ANTIBIOTIC DRUGS Flashcards
What are the five mechanisms of Antibacterial Action?
- Inhibition of bacterial cell – wall synthesis
- Alteration of membrane permeability
- Inhibition of protein synthesis
- Inhibition of the synthesis of bacterial RNA and DNA
- Interference with metabolism within the cell
What is bacteria?
Another name for single-celled creatures without a proper nucleus or nuclear membrane is prokaryotes. It has a cell wall, which governs how it is shaped.
What are type of resistance and their meaning?
- Inherent – occurs without previous exposure to the drug
- Acquired – caused by prior exposure to the antibacterial
What is the difference between Empiric Therapy and Definitive Therapy?
Empiric therapy is when a drug selected is known to be the best drug can kill the MO and Definitive therapy is once the MO is identified in the lab, the antibiotic therapy is tailored by using the most narrow-spectrum, least toxic drug based on C&S results
What are the 4 host factors?
Immune System, Site of Infection, Pregnancy and Age
What are the antibiotics affecting the bacterial cell wall?
Penicillin, Cephalosporins and other Inhibitors
What are the antibiotics affecting Protein synthesis?
Tetracyclines, Macrolides and Aminoglycosides
What are the most medication for macrolides?
Azithromycin, Clarithromycin and Erythromycin
Where did Aminoglycosides use for clients?
It use cautiously in clients with kidney impairment, premature and full term neonates
What are the Urinary tract infections?
Sulfonamides, Trimethoprim, Fluoroquinolones, and Antiseptics
What is Quinolones?
It destroy bacteria by altering their DNA, does not affect human DNA and also very potent bactericidal broad-spectrum antibiotics
Where did it use Sulfamethoxazole-Trimethoprim (SMZ-TMP)?
It is use for treatment of UTI caused by: E. Coli, Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Neisseria
What are the medication for Antiseptics?
Nitrofurantoin, and nitrofurantoin macro crystals, methenamine
What are the types of Anti-Mycobacterium?
- M. Tuberculosis –most common, present as a pulmonary disease
- M. leprae –causing leprosy, observed symptoms on the skin and neurological system
- M. avium- intracellulare –often with GI symptoms
RIPES means?
R – Rifampicin
I – Isoniazid
P – Pryzinamide
E – Ethambudol
S – Streptomycin
What is Anti – Malarial drugs?
It used to kill Plasmodium organisms and work during the phases of the parasite’s growth inside humans.
What are the drugs for Anthelmintics?
Albendazole, Praziquantel, Thiabendazole, Ivermectin, and Pyrantel
What is the difference between Antiviral and Antiretrovirals?
Antivirals are a class of drugs which are used to treat viral infections. The antiviral drugs target diverse group of viruses such as herpes, hepatitis, and influenza viruses. Whereas antiretroviral are the drugs that are used to fight retrovirus infections which mainly include HIV.
What is the medication for treatment in uncomplicated infection?
Artemeter-Lumifantrine (AL) and Primaquine
What is the goal of HAART?
Decrease viral load to undetectable levels, Preserve and increase number of CD4+T cells, Prevent resistance, Have client in good clinical condition and Prevent secondary infections and cancers.
