Endocrine Disorders of Development and Growth Flashcards
1
Q
What are cause of concerns for growth?
A
- weight/height/BMI below 0.4th centile
- height more than 3 centile spaces below mid parental centile
- drop in height centile of more than 2 centile spaces
2
Q
How is short structure evaluated?
A
- height centile vs weight
- when it started
- body proportions (primary or secondary growth disorder)
- presenting signs
3
Q
What are the phases of growth in the ICP model?
A
- infancy (rapid growth)
- childhood (relatively staged, GH and T4 regulation)
- puberty (acceleration then cessation - Gh, sex steroids, T4)
4
Q
What is an ample of disproportion?
A
leri-weill dyschondrosteosis
- AD skeletal dysplasia
- mesomelic limbs shorten
- reduced ischial length
- madelung deformity of forearm
5
Q
What is madelung deformity of forearm?
A
- radius bowing
- dorsal dislocation of ulnar
- premature epiphyseal fusion
6
Q
What are the characteristics of Turner’s syndrome?
A
- missing whole/part of X syndrome
- benefit from GH
- short stature
- webbed neck
- widely spaced nipples
- gonadal dysgenesis
- knock knees
- shortening 4th/5th metacarpal
- lymphedema of hands
- cubitus valgus (forearm angulation)
7
Q
How is GH secreted?
A
- somatostatin pulsatile secretion determining GH peak amplification
- every 3-4 hours GH pulse
- somatostatin inhibits
- triggered by GHRH from hypothalamus control
8
Q
What is the main function of GH?
A
- main regulator of growth in childhood
- systemic effects in liver
- direct effect on growth plates
9
Q
How is idiopathic short stature managed?
A
- GH administrated
- oxandrolone
10
Q
What are the first physical markers of onset of puberty?
A
Girls - 8-13 years - breast budding Boys - 9.5-14 years - genitals
11
Q
What is precocious puberty?
A
Before age 8/9.5
12
Q
What is delayed puberty?
A
After 13/14
