Endocrine Disorders Flashcards
Acromegaly
Marked enlargement of the bones in the hands, feet, and face caused by hypersecretion of growth hormone (GH) in adulthood.
Diabetes insipidus
Hyposecretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH), causing a failure of the kidneys to reabsorb water and resulting in excessive urination (polyuria) and thirst (polydipsia).
Dwarfism
Abnormally small body size caused by hyposecretion of GH in childhood. Bones are underdeveloped but well proportioned to the body.
Gigantism
Marked increase in body size caused by hypersecretion of GH in childhood.
Cretinism
Congenital deficiency in the secretion of the thyroid hormones (hypothyroidism) resulting in mental retardation, impaired growth, and abnormal bone formation.
Goiter
An enlargement of the thyroid gland caused by hyperthyroidism
Graves’ disease
Increased cellular metabolism caused by excessive production of thyroid hormones (hyperthyroidism).
Myxedema
A condition of subcutaneous tissue swelling caused by hypothyroidism that develops in adulthood.
Hyperparathyroidism
Excessive parathyroid hormone (PTH) secretion, often caused by a benign tumor.
Hypoparathyroidism
Deficient PTH secretion caused by injury or surgical removal of the gland.
Addison’s disease
Caused by hyposecretion of cortisol. Cushing’s disease: Hypersecretion of cortisol as a result of
increased adrenal cortex stimulation by adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) from the pituitary gland, caused by a tumor of the pituitary gland or adrenal cortex gland.
Diabetes mellitus (DM
Insulin deficiency that prevents sugar from leaving the blood and entering the body cells, resulting in hyperglycemia.
Hypoglycemia
Abnormally decreased blood sugar level associated with increased insulin production.
