endocrine disorders

Question 1

Questions to ask and what we will focus on

Answer 1

• what does hormone X usually do
  -blood plasma concentration of hormone is what we will focus on

Question 2

ADH & Oxytocin
what is the molecule type and what is its source

Answer 2

both are peptides
both are made in the hypothalamus and released by the posterior pituitary

Question 3

tropic
what are examples of tropic hormones

Answer 3

a tropic hormone controls the release of hormones from another gland
ex: ACTH (Adrenocorticotropic hormone) & TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone)

Question 4

ADH

Answer 4

anti-diuretic hormone released from the posterior pituitary
function: helps blood vessels constrict and helps the kidneys control the amount of water and salt in the body. This helps control blood pressure and the amount of urine that is made.

Question 5

Hyposecretion

Answer 5

no H2O movement back to blood
makes lots of urine

Question 6

diabetes insipidus

Answer 6

frequent urination, lose lots of water & alters [ion] plasma
diabetes: overflow

Question 7

hypersecretion

Answer 7

keep in too much water so not enough urination

Question 8

where is growth hormone released from

Answer 8

released from the anterior pituitary gland

Question 9

growth hormone disorder: acromegaly

Answer 9

a condition where the body produces too much growth hormone, causing body tissues and bones to grow more quickly

Over time, this leads to abnormally large hands and feet, and a wide range of other symptoms. Acromegaly is usually diagnosed in adults aged 30 to 50, but it can affect people of any age.

Question 10

thyroid disorders

Answer 10

infantile hypothyroidism
goiter
graves disease

Question 11

infantile hypothyroidism or Congenital hypothyroidism

Answer 11

won’t develop normally (nervous + reproductive systems impacted)

occurs when a newborn infant is born without the ability to make normal amounts of thyroid hormone.

congenital = born with

Question 12

goiter

Answer 12

enlarged thyroid

irregular growth of the thyroid gland.

A goiter commonly develops as a result of iodine deficiency or inflammation of the thyroid gland.
Not all goiters cause symptoms. Symptoms that do occur might include swelling and cough.

Question 13

graves disease or hyperthyroidism

Answer 13

an immune system disorder that results in the overproduction of thyroid hormones (hyperthyroidism)

The thyroid overproduces hormones.

Question 14

trophic

Answer 14

a trophic hormone is a hormone that regulates the growth and maintenance of an endocrine gland

Question 15

how T3/T4 is produced & negative feedback involved

Answer 15

TRH stimulates the release of TSH

TSH stimulates the release of T3/T4, colloid synthesis, T3/T4 production

T3/T4 inhibits the anterior pituitary hormone from releasing TSH and the hypothalamus from releasing TRH (Thyrotropin-releasing hormone)

Question 16

if no there is no I- in the blood stream to go into the thyroid

Answer 16

No T3/T4 production
overproduction of colloid (goiter)

Question 17

what is happening with grave’s disease

Answer 17

autoantibodies bind to follicle cells and mimic TSH so there will be an increase in T3/T4

Question 18

adrenal hormone disorders

Answer 18

hypersecretion
addison’s disease
cushing’s syndrome
pancreatic hormone disorder

Question 19

hypersecretion of the adrenal gland
&
aldosterone

Answer 19

aldosterone: keeps Na+ & water in the blood, lose K+ thru the urine

hypersecretion: blood K+ decreases can affects levels of K+ in cells as well

Question 20

Addison’s disease
glucocorticoid + mineralcorticoid

Answer 20

hyposecretion: decrease blood pressure, blood glucose
Addison’s disease: Specifically, the adrenal glands produce insufficient amounts of cortisol and sometimes aldosterone. When the body is under stress (e.g. fighting an infection), this cortisol deficiency can result in a life-threatening Addisonian crisis characterized by low blood pressure.

Question 21

cushing’s syndrome

Answer 21

glucocorticoid hypersecretion
-changes where fat is stored
-blood glucose goes up

Question 22

pancreatic hormone disorder

Answer 22

decreased insulin lead to increased blood glucose