Endocrine control Flashcards
Exocrine Gland
-contains a duct
Endocrine Gland
- ductless gland
- makes hormones secreted directly into bloodstream
Paracrine
- hormone acting in localized region
- affects a target cell nearby the secreting cell
Non-Steroid Hormone
- binds to cell surface receptor
- binding causes conformational change of receptor
- causes cascade of chemical rxns
- very specific
Steroid Hormone
- could cross cell membrane
- receptors can be in cytoplasm or nucleus
- cytoplasmic receptor binds to hormone and is moved into nucleus
- turn on genes–>make proteins
Prolactin
- secreted by anterior pit
- causes production of milk
FSH
- in women, stimulates maturation of the follicle
- in men, stimulates sperm production
LH
- in women, its the trigger for ovulation
- in men, it stimulates testosterone production
Kisspeptin Neurons
-have receptors that will relay negative feedback message to GnRH neurons
Kallman Syndrome
- primary symptom is failure to start puberty, infertility
- GnRH neurons fail to migrate into hypothalamus during embryonic development
- inability to smell
SRY Region
- sex determining region
- responsible for production of testes determining factor(TDF)
TDF
-causes formation of testes
Anti-Mullarian Hormone(AMH)
- produced by Sertoli cells of the testes
- kills off mullarian ducts
5(alpha)-Reductase
- enzyme produced in Sertoli cells of testes
- converts testosterone into dihydrotestosterone(DHT)
- necessary for development of external male structures
Testicular Feminization
- receptors for testosterone absent in wolfian ducts
- externally female, internally male
- neither wolfian nor Müllerian ducts survive
Gueveduces
- mutation in 5(alpha)-Reductase
- testosterone not converted into DHT
- externally female at birth, puberty causes individuals to masculinize
Adrenogenital syndrome (xx)
- adrenal gland can’t make cortisol, instead makes large amounts of androgens–>masculinized the female body
- in males, this would cause precocious sexual development
Precocious Puberty
- expressed only in males even if females have genotype
- males with autosomal dominant allele undergo puberty early
- receptor of LH mutated to always “on” state
Wolfian ducts
-become epididymis, vas deferens, and penis shaft
Müllerian ducts
become uterus, Fallopian tubes, cervix, and upper vagina
