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A&P 2402-70 > Endocrine Cells and Hormones > Flashcards

Endocrine Cells and Hormones Flashcards

1
Q

T or F: For the effects of hormones to be felt requires more time than for the effects of nervous regulation

A

True

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2
Q

T or F: The sells turcica contains the pituitary gland.

A

True

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3
Q

T or F: Generally, hormones made of protein should be taken by mouth for best effect.

A

False

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4
Q

T or F: Only protein bound T3 is physiologically active

A

False

-only unbound T3 is physiologically active

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5
Q

The pituitary gland is located in the:

a) Skull
b) Thoracic cavity
c) Abdominal cavity
d) Throat

A

a) skull

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6
Q

Follicle stimulating hormone releasing hormone is secreted by the:

a) primary follicle of ovary
b) hypothalamus
c) anterior pituitary
d) posterior pituitary

A

b) hypothalamus

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7
Q

Secretion of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) from the anterior pituitary is stimulated by:

a) hypothalamic releasing hormone
b) adrenal glucocorticoids
c) alcohol
d) thyrocalcitonin

A

a) hypothalamic releasing hormone

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8
Q

The function of prolactin is to:

a) cause ovulation
b) stimulate milk production
c) stimulate coitus
d) stimulate milk ejection

A

b) stimulate milk production

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9
Q

An increase in plasma calcium concentration will:

a) decrease TSH secretion
b) decrease thyrocalcitonin secretion
c) decrease parathyroid secretion
d) all of the above

A

c) decrease parathyroid secretion

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10
Q

Which organ is most often responsible of catabolism of hormones?

a) stomach
b) uterus
c) liver
d) brain

A

c) liver

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11
Q

Cortisol does NOT:

a) suppress the immune system
b) suppress inflammation
c) protect body from infections
d) protect body from stress
e) increase the blood glucose concentration

A

c) protect body from infections

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12
Q

Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) stimulates secretion of:

a) thyrocalcitonin
b) parathyroid hormone
c) T3 and T4
d) cortisol

A

c) T3 and T4

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13
Q

Parathyroid hormone normally will:

a) increase bone formation
b) decrease bone formation
c) has no effect on bone formation
d) decrease blood volume

A

b) decrease bone formation

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14
Q

If growth hormone and thyroid hormones cause the surge of growth following birth, the surge of growth at puberty is mainly caused by:

a) growth hormones
b) thyroid hormone
c) cortisol
d) androgens

A

d) androgens

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15
Q

What 2 organ systems is the body regulated by?

A

neural & endocrine system

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16
Q

What are the three modes of signaling?

A

1) endocrine
2) paracrine system
3) autocrine system

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17
Q

What are hormones?

A

chemical messengers

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18
Q

How are hormones secreted?

A

through ductless glands

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19
Q

Hormones means…

A

“to stimulate”

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20
Q

What are the three groups in the chemical nature of hormones?

A

proteinaceous
steroids
other

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21
Q

Hormone secretion regulation is usually by

A

negative feedback

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22
Q

Hormone catabolism happens in the

A

liver and kidneys

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23
Q

What happens to the catabolites

A

recycled, voided in urine, feces, sweat

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24
Q

Hypothalamus makes three types of hormones

A
  1. posterior pituitary hormone
  2. releasing hormones
  3. inhibitory hormones
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25
What hormones are produced in the hypothalamus?
oxytocin | anti-diuretic hormones (ADH)
26
What is oxytocin produced by?
neurons
27
Where is oxytocin stored?
posterior pituitary
28
What does oxytocin target?
mammary glands | uterine smooth muscles
29
What does oxytocin function?
- milk ejection from mammary glans | - contraction of uterus for birth and sperm transport
30
What is secretion stimuli of oxytocin?
- suckling reflex - coitus (sexual intercourse) - birth
31
What are oxytocin's medical uses?
-induce labor (Pitocin)
32
ADH is produced by?
a neuron
33
ADH is stored in...
posterior pituitary
34
ADH target is...
kidney
35
ADH's function is...
reabsorption of H2O
36
ADH's secretion stimuli is...
1. decrease blood pressure | 2. dehydration
37
Secretion inhibition of ADH is
alcohol consumption
38
Disease caused by ADH deficiency
Diabetes Insipidus- polyuria or polydipsia | Diabetes Mellitus- increase in glucose
39
The 6 Anterior Pituitary hormones include...
``` adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) prolactin hormone follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) luteinizing hormone (LH) growth hormone (GW) ```
40
ACTH is produced by:
endocrine cells
41
ACTH's target is...
adrenal cortex
42
ACTH's function is to...
stimulate secretion of glucocorticoid hormone (cortisol) from adrenal cortex
43
ACTH's secretion stimuli is....
hypothalamic releasing hormone (HRH)
44
Secretion Inhibition of ACTH is... This is a good example of
glucocorticoid hormone (cortisol) negative feedback
45
TSH is produced by
endocrine cells
46
TSH's target is
thyroid gland of follicular cells
47
TSH's function is...
to increase t3 and t4 hormone secretion from thyroid gland
48
TSH's secretion stimuli is...
HRH | decrease in t3 and t4
49
TSH's secretion inhibition is... This is a good example of
increase of t3 and t4 in blood negative feedback
50
Prolactin Hormone is produced by
endocrine cells
51
Prolactin Hormone's target is...
mammary glands
52
Prolactin Hormone's function is...
- increase in milk production and secretion | - decrease in ovulation (in lactating female)
53
Prolactin Hormone's secretion stimuli is...
HRH | Nursing
54
Secretion Inhibition of Prolactin Hormone
hypothalamic inhibiting hormone (HIH)
55
FSH is produced by...
endocrine cell
56
FSH target in male and females
male- testis female- ovaries both of these are gonads
57
FSH function in males and females
males- stimulates spermatogenesis female: -stimulates growth & maturation of ovarian follicles -estrogen is made by ovarian follicle
58
FSH secretion stimuli
HRH
59
FSH secretion inhibition in males and females
males- inhibition hormone from testis stops overproduction of sperm females- estrogen hormone from ovarian follicle of ovary
60
LH is produced by
endocrine cells
61
LH's target in males and females are
male- testis | female- ovaries
62
LH's function in male and female is...
male- increase in testosterone hormone synthesis and secretion female: - increase estrogen and progesterone synthesis and secretion - luteinization of follicle
63
LH's secretion stimuli is...
HRH
64
LH's secretion inhibition...
male- testosterone | female- estrogen
65
GW is produced by...
endocrine cells
66
GW's target is
general soma and liver
67
GW's functions...
1. indirectly increased body growth (provide building blocks) 2. increase somatomedin hormone from liver
68
GW's secretion stimuli..
HRH
69
GW's secretion inhibition...
1. HIH | 2. growth hormone (negative feedback)
70
Hormones that effect calcium in the body
PHT, CT, Vitamin D
71
Calcium is required for...
1. blood coagulation 2. muscle contraction 3. nerve conduction 4. bone & teeth structure 5. most cellular functions
72
Plasma calcium is controlled by 3 hormones
1. parathyroid hormone (PTH) 2. thyrocalcitonin (TCT)(CT) 3. vitamin D
73
PTH is produced by...
parathyroid glands
74
PTH's target is...
mainly bones | kidneys
75
PTH's function is...
increase in plasma calcium
76
PTH's mechanism..
decrease in calcium, increase reabsorption of calcium from renal filtrate of kidney which leads to an increase in blood calcium
77
PTH's catabolism is in
liver and kidney
78
PTH's secretion stimuli
decrease of plasma calcium
79
Vitamin D3 is produced by:
inactive precursor by skin in response to UV light
80
Vitamin D3 target...
mainly bone and gut
81
Vitamin D3 function...
increase calcium
82
Vitamin D3 catabolism...
kidney
83
Vitamin D3 secretion stimuli...
UV light (sunlight)
84
TCT (CT) is produced by...
thyroid parafollicular cells
85
TCT (CT) target..
bone
86
TCT (CT) function...
decrease plasma Ca
87
TCT (CT) mechanism...
increase bone Ca
88
TCT (CT) catabolism...
mainly kidney
89
TCT (CT) secretion stimuli
increase Ca, such as after a meal w/ lots of calcium ex: dairy
90
TCT (CT) is a ____ hormone in people
weak
91
adrenal gland hormone
1. glucocorticoid (cortisol/ hydrocortisone) 2. mineralocorticoid (aldosterone) 3. sex - steroids - male & female
92
aldosterone's target
kidney
93
aldosterone's direct function
increase in plasma sodium controlled by the reabsorption of Na and H2O from renal filtrate (urine)
94
``` aldosterone's indirect function 1 ```
increase blood volume (BV) by increase osmotic pressure of blood and retaining more H2O
95
aldosterone's indirect function 2
increase blood pressure by increase in BV
96
aldosterone's 4 secretion stimuli
1. decrease BP 2. decrease plasma Na 3. increase ACTH 4. increase angiotensin II, a vasoconstrictor
97
aldosterone's catabolism
liver
98
cortisol's target...
almost all cells (general soma)
99
cortisol's function...
1. increase blood glucose (BG) 2. decreased inflammation 3. increased body's ability to counter stress 4. decrease immune system function
100
cortisol's secretion stimuli...
ACTH from ant. pit.
101
What are the endocrine hormones?
insulin and glucagon
102
insulin is produced by...
islets of Langerhans by beta cells of pancreas
103
insulin's target...
most cells body
104
insulin's function...
1. decrease blood glucose "hormone of plenty" | 2. increase storage of glycogen, fat, and protein
105
insulin's secretion stimuli...
1. increase BG | 2. neural stimulation
106
insulin catabolism...
liver
107
insulin deficiency leads to... which can cause...
diabetes mellitus | 1. polyuna and polydipsia
108
glucagon is produced by
islets of Langerhans by alpha cells
109
glucagon's target is...
most body tissues
110
glucagon function...
1. increase BG | 2. increase glycogenesis in liver
111
glucagon secretion stimuli...
1. decrease BG | 2. neural stimulation
112
glucagon catabolism...
liver

A&P 2402-70 (3 decks)

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