Endocrine and Reproductive System Flashcards
Herbals for diabetes. Yay or nay?
The evidence is conflicting or incomplete. So probably nay.
As pharmacists, what do we do when someone is asking about a herbal for diabetes? (5)
- Ask what they’re taking
- Safety check
- Bring in products they’re using
- Ask why
- Encourage - Dr. visits, counselling, etc.
What are 5 potential NPHs for prostate (BPH)?
- Saw Palmetto
- Pygeum
- Lycopene
- Pumpkin
- Stinging Nettle
How might Saw Palmetto work for BPH? (2)
- Suggested to reduce inflammation and may have anti-androgen effects by reducing the formation of dihydroxytestosterone. Study results are mixed
- Beta-sitosterol, the structure of which is shown above, is a cholesterol-like molecule, is one of the components thought to play a key role.
What are the ADEs of Saw Palmetto?
Headache and stomach upset.
How might Pygeum work for BPH? (2)
- A traditional medicine from an African plum extract suggested to improve urinary flow and bladder emptying
- It contains fatty acids, sterols (including beta-sitosterol) and other compounds which have an anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effect.
What is the ADE of Pygeum?
May cause stomach upset
How might Lycopene work for BPH? (2)
- Lycopene is well-known to be important for men’s health. It is found in tomato and tomato sauce products as well as other red/pink fruits and vegetables.
- It is purported to slow the progression of BPH
How might panax ginseng work for ED? (2)
- Also known for anti-inflammatory effects, Panax ginseng contains ginsenosides.
- The mechanism of action includes acetylcholine-mediated vasorelaxation, cGMP production and release of nitric oxide (NO) from tissues.
The most common ADE of panax ginseng?
What other ADEs?
- Insomnia
- May lower blood sugar and has a stimulant effect in some people so use in caution in pts taking anti-diabetes drugs and in combination with caffeine
What are some rare ADEs of panax ginseng?
It should be kept out of reach of young children due to toxicity. Rare but serious side effects include anaphylaxis, arrhythmia, ischemia, and Stevens-Johnson syndrome, with cardiac effects mainly dose-related.
What are side effects of DHEA in males?
In males, side effects include acne, breast tenderness, urinary urgency, and increased aggression.
Why is DHEA banned in major athletic events?
DHEA is a banned substance from major athletic competitions because it has been used for athletic doping, although the clinical evidence does not support a role for increasing muscular strength
DHEA safe for long-term use?
Other than that, it is generally considered safe, except for long-term high-dose use, in which case it may increase the risk of hormone-sensitive cancers such as prostate or breast cancer
Menopausal symptoms may include? (4)
- Hot flashes and night sweats
- Anxiety, brain fog or memory issues
- Achy joints
- Concern over osteoporosis
Chasteberry for PMS?
Thus, chasteberry is considered to be possibly effective for premenstrual syndrome, mastalgia and premenstrual dysphoric syndrome
ADEs of chasteberry? (4)
- GI upset
- Acne
- Skin rash.
- Chasteberry should not be taken by pregnant or breastfeeding women
What are some potential NHPs for menopause? (4)
- Soy isoflavones
- Black cohosh
- Royal jelly, rhubarb and sage
- Evening primrose
What NHP might be used for hypothyroidism?
Ashwagandha
What is a potential NHP for hyperthyroidism?
Bugleweed
Evening primrose is most effective for:
A. to reudce the risk of post-menopausal osteoporosis
B. mood in menopause
C. breast pain in PMS
D. vasomotor symptoms in menopause
B.
Which of the following is correct regarding isoflavones:
A. Excess of isoflavones can lead to estrogen-related cancers
B. Isoflavones are phytoestrogens
C. Isoflavones are mainly found in cheese
D. Isoflavones help balance progesterone levels
B.
Panax ginseng has been found to induce acetylcholine-mediated vasorelaxation, cGMP production and release of nitric oxide (NO), which are consistent with its benefits to treat:
A. menopause
B. benign prostatic hyperplasia
C. erectile dysfunction
D. premenstrual syndrome
C.
Ashwagandha is a traditional Ayurvedic medicine for hypothyroidism. Select the correct answer about its efficacy and safety:
A. It is not safe for use in pregnancy
B. There are no studies of Ashwagandha for normalizing thyroid hormone levels
C. There is strong evidence of ashwagndha increasing thyroid hormones in patients with overt hypothyroidism
D. Several studies using large populations showed a significant increase in thyroid hormones in patients with subclinical hypothyroidism
A.
Isoflavones are beneficial for many women’s health concerns, such as:
A. Menopause
B. PMS
C. Menopause and PMS
D. Osteoarthritis
C.
Potential adverse effects of an excess of estrogen include:
A. Hirsutism
B. Induces menopause
C. Weight loss
D. PMS
D.
Potential adverse effects of garlic include:
A. hair loss
B. gynecomastia
C. hyperlipidemia
D. bleeding
D.
The mechanism of saw palmetto in the management of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is:
A. alpha-1 blocker
B. phytoestrogen, opposes androgens
C. reduces LDL cholesterol
D. blocks formation of dihydrotestosterone
D.
Significant adverse effects of panax ginseng include:
A. anaphylaxis
B. dose-related cardiotoxicity
C. insomnia
D. all of these are correct
D.
Select the best option for over the counter “adrenal support” supplements:
A. There are case reports regarding the potential risks of these products due to the unregulated hormone content
B. All adrenal support supplements declare a list of hormones on their label ingredients list
C. There is no indication of the presence of thyroid and steroid-based adrenal hormones in these supplements
D. Saw palmetto has moderate evidence of efficacy for adrenal fatigue
A.
Chasteberry at low-moderate doses reduces estrogen and indirectly lowers progesterone, therefore:
A. all of these choices are correct
B. it may reduce mastalgia (breast pain) associated with menstrual cycles in women
C. it may reduce the effectiveness of oral hormonal contraceptives
D. it may reduce the symptoms of PMS
A.
Potential adverse effects of cinnamon include:
A. skin rash
B. hypoglycemia
C. liver damage
D. all of these are correct
D.
