Cardiovascular and Respiratory Flashcards
Natural sources of resveratrol include:
A. soy
B. beef
C. grapes
D. dark chocolate
C.
Which of these is a dietary source rich in the form of omega-3?
A. butter
B. soybean, corn, and safflower oil
C. fatty fish
D. corn
C.
Magnesium is involved in all the following EXCEPT:
A. intracellular transport
B. structural development
C. energy production
D. hematopoiesis
D.
What are the groups at risk of magnesium inadequacy? Select all that apply.
1. Diabetes patients
2. Alcohol use disorder
3. Older adults
4. Celiac patients
All apply
Garlic supplement reduces the plasma concentration of a certain drug and causes a potentially harmful side effect. Which medication is involved with this interaction?
A. saquinavir
B. metformin
C. atorvastatin
D. losartan
A.
Garlic reduces oxidative stress and inflammation. How does this help reduce cardiovascular disease?
A. raises LDL cholesterol levels
B. causes weight loss
C. reduces vascular inflammation and atherosclerosis
D. prevents cancer from developing
C.
Dark chocolate is thought to be useful in preventing atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease because it:
A. increases the strength of muscle contractions
B. contains antioxidants
C. increases heart rate
D. contains Co-enzyme Q10
B.
Which of the following drug groups can interact with Magnesium?
A. Antibiotics
B. Diuretics
C. Bisphosphonates
D. All of the above
D.
Garlic has been suggested to have potential benefit in all of the disease states below EXCEPT:
A. hypothyroidism
B. cancer
C. hypercholesterolemia
D. diabetes
A.
What are the signs of magnesium deficiency? Select all that apply.
1. Migraine
2. Osteoporosis
3. Asthma
4. Hypertension
1,2, and 4
Marshmallow root is used for:
A. reducing the duration of a cold
B. Bronchodilation in asthma
C. cough associated with a cold
D. cough associated with asthma
C.
What is the main bioactive ginger constituent?
A. coumaric acid
B. carbohydrates
C. polyphenols
D. gingerols
D.
The mechanism of action of curcumin for COPD is:
A. production of reactive oxygen species (ROS)
B. mucolytic
C. direct bronchdilator
D. reduction of oxidative stress that damages lung tissue
D.
Ginger has been associated in all the following mechanisms EXCEPT:
A. inhibition of cytokine and chemokine
B. inhibition of cholinesterase
C. inhibition of transcription factor (NF-κB)
D. inhibition of prostaglandins
B.
Bromelain has suggested uses for inflammatory conditions, and there is some evidence for efficacy in improving nasal mucosal inflammation and edema. Your patient wants to try it for her asthma, which has been getting worse over the past year. Which of the following is appropriate advice?
A. There is no evidence that bromelain is unsafe, so you can try it.
B. We have a special price on bromelain today, so it would be better if you purchase 2 or 3 bottles today.
C. The disease process in asthma involves inflammation, so bromelain will likely help reduce the use of your prescription inhalers.
D. Discuss your asthma concerns and your interest in this herbal medicine with your physican
D.
Honey has been increasingly used for treating asthma. Honey has been shown to:
A. increase mucus production
B. increase in thickness of airway epithelial
C. increase the size of the goblet cells
D. decrease inflammatory cell infiltration
D.
Which of the following is an appropriate use of echinacea?
A. for the treatment of lung cancer
B. to boost immune resistance to mild respiratory illness
C. to reduce bronchial remodelling in asthma patients
D. to reduce hyperglycemia in Type II diabetes
B.
How much is the recommended maximum daily intake for ginger?
A. 3g
B. 6g
C. 4g
D. 5g
C.
For the following scientific explanation for the pharmacology of quercetin, how would you rephrase this for a patient?
The mechanism of quercetin is attributed to the lipoxygenase and PDE4 inhibition and reduction in histamine and leukotriene release, which promote a decrease in the proinflammatory cytokine formation and production of IL-4, respectively. In addition, quercetin also promoted the inhibition of human mast cell activation by Ca2+influx and prostaglandin release inhibition
A. Quercetin may increase risk of allergies
B. Quercetin will help fight off colds
C. Quercetin may reduce inflammation in asthma
D. Quercetin is an antioxidant so it reduces airway inflammation in in asthma
C.
________ is a compound in turmeric that has anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant properties and is under investigation for COPD management
Curcumin
What food might betacarotene be found in?
Carrots
What food might allicin be found in?
Garlic
What food might hesperidin be found in?
Lemon
What food might licopene be found in?
Tomatoes
