Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

anatomy and physiology > endocrine and reproductive > Flashcards

endocrine and reproductive Flashcards

1
Q

what are the functions of the endocrine system

A

maintain homeostasis by regulating metabolic processes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

endocrine glands

A

release into internal environment (via bloodstream)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

exocrine glands

A

release into external environment (skin)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

paracrine glands

A

release into neighboring cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

autocrine glands

A

release into self

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

NS -> ES cell

A

neuron, epithelial and others

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

NS -> ES chemical signal

A

neurotransmitter, hormone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

NS -> ES specificity of response

A

postsynaptic cell, target cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

steroid hormones

A

testosterone, estrogen, aldosterone, cortisol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

nonsteroid hormones

A

norepinephrine, epinephrine, thyroxine, ADH, GH, oxytocin, prolactin, PTH, LH , FSH, TSH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Which type of hormone is soluble in water?

A

nonsteroid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Which hormone is made of complex C, H rings with some oxygen atoms?

A

steroid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are prostaglandins?

A

Hormone-like chemical signals, made of lipids. Very potent.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Hypothalamus/Anterior Pituitary gland

A

Hypothalamus -> anterior pituitary -> peripheral endocrine gland -> target cell -> action

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Hypothalamus/Anterior Pituitary gland

A

Releasing hormones (TRH, GnRH, GRH, CRH)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Nervous System

A

Nervous System -> endocrine gland -> target cells -> action

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Nervous System

A

Stimulates gland directly (adrenal medulla, epinephrine/norepinephrine)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Response to change in plasma

A

Changing level of substance in plasma -> endocrine gland -> target cells -> action

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Response to change in plasma

A

Pancreas (blood sugar levels)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

anterior pituitary hormones

A

growth hormone, prolactin, thyroid-stimulating hormone, adrenocorticotropic hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

growth hormone

A

increase size and division rate of cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

prolactin

A

post-birth milk production

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

thyroid-stimulating hormone

A

stimulates hormones secreted by the thyroid gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

adrenocorticotropic hormone

A

stimulates hormones secreted by adrenal cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

follicle-stimulating hormone

A

males: sperm cell production
females: development of egg-containing follicles, secrete estrogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

luteinizing hormone

A

stimulates sex hormone secretion, plays a role in ovulation (menstural cycle)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

antidiuretic hormone

A

causes kidneys to conserve water. can constrict blood vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

oxytocin

A

contracts smooth muscle in uterine wall, contracts myoepithelial cells associated with milk-secreting glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What is the gland located inferior to the larynx by Adam’s apple

A

Thyroid gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What hormones are secreted by the thyroid?

A

Thyroxine (T4), Triiodothyronine (T3), calcitonin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

what is the function of T4

A

increases basal metabolic rate, increases growth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

what is the function of T3

A

more potent than T4

33
Q

what is the function of calcitonin

A

lowers calcium in blood, stimulates osteoblasts

34
Q

how is the secretion of T3 and T4 regulated?

A

hypothalamus/anterior pituitary

35
Q

how is the secretion of calcitonin regulated?

A

response to changes in plasma

36
Q

where are the parathyroid glands located?

A

posterior surface of thyroid

37
Q

what hormone is secreted by the parathyroid?

A

Parathyroid hormone

38
Q

what is the function of PTH

A

increase levels of calcium in blood, causes kidneys to conserve more Ca and activates vitamin D

39
Q

where are the adrenal glands?

A

superior to the kidney. Cortex is superficial, medulla is deep

40
Q

what hormones are released by the medulla?

A

epinephrine and norepinephrine

41
Q

what is the function of epinephrine and norepinephrine?

A

adrenaline, increases heart rate, dilates airways, fight or flight response

42
Q

how is the medulla regulated?

A

nervous system

43
Q

what hormones are released by the cortex?

A

aldosterone, cortisol, adrenal sex hormones

44
Q

what is the function of aldosterone?

A

regulate electrolytes in body, sodium vs. potassium levels

45
Q

what is the function of cortisol?

A

body’s response to stress

46
Q

what is the function of adrenal sex hormones

A

supplement sex hormones from the gonads

47
Q

how is aldosterone regulated?

A

response to changes in plasma

48
Q

how is cortisol regulated?

A

hypothalamus/anterior pituitary gland

49
Q

where is the pancreas located?

A

posterior to stomach, chewed up gum

50
Q

what hormones are released by the pancreas?

A

glucagon, insulin

51
Q

what is the function of glucagon?

A

increase blood sugar (released by alpha cells)

52
Q

what is the function of insulin?

A

decrease blood sugar (released by beta cells)

53
Q

how are the hormones of the pancreas regulated?

A

response to changes in plasma

54
Q

where is the pineal gland located?

A

upper part of the thalamus

55
Q

what hormone is released by the pineal gland?

56
Q

what is the function of melatonin?

A

sleep-wake cycle

57
Q

where is the thymus?

A

posterior to sternum

58
Q

what hormones are released by the thymus?

59
Q

what is the function of thymosins?

A

affect production and differentiation of white blood cells, t cells

60
Q

where is the placenta?

A

surround fetus during pregnancy

61
Q

what hormones are released by the placenta?

A

estrogens, progesterone, and gonadotropins

62
Q

what hormones are released by the placenta?

A

estrogens, progesterone, and gonadotropins

63
Q

what is the male sex cell?

64
Q

what is the female sex cell?

65
Q

What is the structure of the testes?

A

contain many lobules with contain seminiferous tubules which lead to the epididymis

66
Q

What is the function of the interstitial cells of the male reproductive system?

A

produce and secrete male sex hormone

67
Q

what is the epididymis?

A

tightly coiled tube within testicle, holds sperm

68
Q

what is the passage of the vas defernes?

A

passes through medial side of testis through lower abdominal wall, enters pelvic cavity. combines with ejaculatory duct to pass through urethra

69
Q

what is the function of secretions of the seminal vesicles?

A

rich in fructose and nutrients for sperm

70
Q

where is the prostate gland?

A

below the bladder in front of the rectum

71
Q

what triggers the changes of puberty?

A

hyporthalamus secretes GnRH

72
Q

what are primordial follicles?

A

first class of ovarian follicles formed.

73
Q

how is oogenesis different from spermatogenesis?

A

4 gametes are viable for sperm but only 1 for females

74
Q

what triggers ovulation?

A

Release of LH by anterior pituitary

75
Q

what are the sources of female sex hormones?

A

ovaries, adrenal cortex, placenta

76
Q

what is the function of estrogen?

A

stimulate rep. organ development, secondary sex characteristics

77
Q

what is the function of progesterone?

A

changes in uterus during menstural cycles

78
Q

what is the function of androgens in females?

A

puberty changes, hair growth

anatomy and physiology (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions