endocrine and metabolic system 3 Flashcards
what is the chain of action if there is low blood glucose?
pancreas –> glucagon released by alpha cells of pancreas –> liver releases glucose into blood –> achieve normal blood glucose levels
what is the chain of action if there is high blood glucose?
pancreas –> insulin released by beta cells of pancreas –> fat cells take in glucose from blood –> achieve normal blood glucose levels
what is insulin? and what is its function?
a hormone secreted by the beta cells of the pancreas that transports glucose into the cell for use as energy and storage as glycogen
(turns food into energy)
insulin is insufficient in what type of diabetes?
type 1
insulin is ineffective in action for what type of diabetes?
type 2
what happens when insulin is deficient or its function is impaired?
glucose is not taken up or removed thus accumulating in the blood called hyperglycemia
what is polyuria? (1 or 2)
excessive urination
both
what is polydipsia? (1 or 2)
dehydration (1 and 2)
what is polyphagia? (1 or 2)
excessive hunger
type 1
what type of diabetes does weight loss occur?
type 1
what type of diabetes does recurrent blurred vision occur?
types 1 and 2
what is ketonuria? (type 1 or 2)
fatty acids are broken down so ketones are present in urine
weakness, fatigue, and dizziness is present in what types of diabetes?
types 1 and 2
what are some symptoms of diabetes?
always thirsty
weight loss
fatigue
numbness of limbs
blurred vision
frequent urination
vaginal infections
always hungry
wounds do not heal
what are some serious health complications that can happen if you ignore type 2 diabetes?
blindess
kidney failure
heart disease
stroke
loss of toes, feet, or legs
what is a macrovascular complication for diabetes?
affecting arteries that supply the heart, brain, and lower extremities
what is a microvascular complication for diabetes?
retina
renal glomerulus
peripheral nerve
true or false: during early stages, the classic symptoms of polyuria and polydipsia are not prominent
true
what does it mean to control the ABCs?
A1c less than 7%
BLOOD pressure less than 130/80 mm Hg
CHOLESTEROL:
Low density lipoprotein < 100 mg/dL
high density lipoprotein > 50 mg/dL
triglycerides <150
what is type 2 DM most often treated with?
diet and exercise, sometimes in conjunction with oral hypoglycemic drugs
who is prophylactic aspirin recommended to? and who is it not?
recommended for people with DM with high risk of CVD
not recommended for people with DM with low risk of CVD because of the GI bleeding
what is statin therapy and who is it recommended for?
cholesterol lowering drugs recommended for DM with and without risk of CVD
