endocrine and metabolic system 3

Question 1

what is the chain of action if there is low blood glucose?

Answer 1

pancreas –> glucagon released by alpha cells of pancreas –> liver releases glucose into blood –> achieve normal blood glucose levels

Question 1

what is the chain of action if there is high blood glucose?

Answer 1

pancreas –> insulin released by beta cells of pancreas –> fat cells take in glucose from blood –> achieve normal blood glucose levels

Question 2

what is insulin? and what is its function?

Answer 2

a hormone secreted by the beta cells of the pancreas that transports glucose into the cell for use as energy and storage as glycogen

(turns food into energy)

Question 3

insulin is insufficient in what type of diabetes?

Answer 3

type 1

Question 4

insulin is ineffective in action for what type of diabetes?

Answer 4

type 2

Question 5

what happens when insulin is deficient or its function is impaired?

Answer 5

glucose is not taken up or removed thus accumulating in the blood called hyperglycemia

Question 6

what is polyuria? (1 or 2)

Answer 6

excessive urination

both

Question 7

what is polydipsia? (1 or 2)

Answer 7

dehydration (1 and 2)

Question 8

what is polyphagia? (1 or 2)

Answer 8

excessive hunger

type 1

Question 9

what type of diabetes does weight loss occur?

Answer 9

type 1

Question 10

what type of diabetes does recurrent blurred vision occur?

Answer 10

types 1 and 2

Question 11

what is ketonuria? (type 1 or 2)

Answer 11

fatty acids are broken down so ketones are present in urine

Question 12

weakness, fatigue, and dizziness is present in what types of diabetes?

Answer 12

types 1 and 2

Question 13

what are some symptoms of diabetes?

Answer 13

always thirsty
weight loss
fatigue
numbness of limbs
blurred vision
frequent urination
vaginal infections
always hungry
wounds do not heal

Question 14

what are some serious health complications that can happen if you ignore type 2 diabetes?

Answer 14

blindess
kidney failure
heart disease
stroke
loss of toes, feet, or legs

Question 15

what is a macrovascular complication for diabetes?

Answer 15

affecting arteries that supply the heart, brain, and lower extremities

Question 16

what is a microvascular complication for diabetes?

Answer 16

retina
renal glomerulus
peripheral nerve

Question 17

true or false: during early stages, the classic symptoms of polyuria and polydipsia are not prominent

Answer 17

true

Question 18

what does it mean to control the ABCs?

Answer 18

A1c less than 7%

BLOOD pressure less than 130/80 mm Hg

CHOLESTEROL:
Low density lipoprotein < 100 mg/dL

high density lipoprotein > 50 mg/dL

triglycerides <150

Question 19

what is type 2 DM most often treated with?

Answer 19

diet and exercise, sometimes in conjunction with oral hypoglycemic drugs

Question 20

who is prophylactic aspirin recommended to? and who is it not?

Answer 20

recommended for people with DM with high risk of CVD

not recommended for people with DM with low risk of CVD because of the GI bleeding

Question 21

what is statin therapy and who is it recommended for?

Answer 21

cholesterol lowering drugs recommended for DM with and without risk of CVD