Endocrine and GI

Question 0

What can stimulate the liver to produce more glucose?

Answer 0

Increase hormone production

Cortisol

Glucagon

Epinephrine

Question 1

Number 1 cause of dka

Answer 1

Infection

Question 2

What meds put u at risk for hhs?

Answer 2

Glucocorticoid 
Diuretics
Phenytoin (Dilantin)
Propranolol
Calcium channel blockers

Question 3

Med conditions that put u at risk for hhs

Answer 3

Mi
Cerebral vascular injury
Sepsis

Question 4

Which will cause myoclonus jerking, seizures, and reversible paralysis? DKA OR HHS

Answer 4

HHA

Question 5

DKA GLucose

Answer 5

⬆️300

Question 6

HHS glucose

Answer 6

⬆️600

Question 7

HHS

Answer 7

Osmolarity ⬆️320

Question 8

Monitor glucose every hour

What is goal glucose?

Answer 8

⬇️200

Question 9

Correcting acidosis too fast can do what to k

Answer 9

Hypok

Question 10

How often should old people check glucose when sick?

Answer 10

1-4 hrs

Question 11

Hhs osmolarity

Answer 11

Above 320

Question 12

Notify provider if glucose is above

Answer 12

240

Question 13

Severe acidotic state

Answer 13

PH less than 7.15

Question 14

What kind of fluid replacement is the gold?

Answer 14

To replace half the estimated fluid deficit over the first eight hours

Question 15

The second half of fluid replacement is given over how many hours

Answer 15

The next 16 hours that way within the first 24 hours of treatment fluid deficit should be corrected

Question 16

What is the order of fluids given in DKA and HHS?

Answer 16

0. 9% normal saline
1. 45% normal saline

5% dextrose (when glucose becomes 200 to prevent hypoglycemia and resolve ketosis)

Question 17

What should potassium be before insulin administration?

Answer 17

At least 3.3

Question 18

Difference in primary and secondary adrenal insufficiency

Answer 18

Primary
#⃣ deficient in both glucocorticoids in mineralocorticoids
Secondary
#⃣deficient in glucocorticoids alone

Question 19

What is the first sign of hypoglycemia

Answer 19

Change in mental status

Question 20

Counterregulatory hormones with the sympathetic nervous system response and hypoglycemia

Answer 20

Glucagon, epinephrine, cortisol, and growth hormone

Question 21

What is the best clinical indicator of effective treatment for hypoglycemia?

Answer 21

Neurological status

Question 22

Cortisol level in adrenal crisis

Answer 22

⬇️10 mg/dL

Question 23

What is cosyntropin

Answer 23

Synthetic ACTH

Question 24

Standard dose of cosyntropin

Answer 24

250 mcg (with a result of an increase in cortisol level of 7 to 9 from baseline)

Question 25

ACTH stimulates this glucocorticoid to release

Answer 25

Cortisol

Question 26

I’ll dust around is a mineralocorticoid that has what effect

Answer 26

It’s made in the adrenal Cortex and regulates the bodies electrolyte and water balance in the renal tubules

Question 27

Adrenal crisis lab value of glucose

Answer 27

Less than 50

Question 28

Adrenal crisis lab value of cortisol

Answer 28

Less than 10

Question 29

Adrenal lab value of potassium

Answer 29

Either greater than 6.6

Or less than 3.0

Question 30

Adrenal crisis lab value for sodium

Answer 30

Greater than 150 or less then 130

Question 31

Adrenal crisis BUN value

Answer 31

Greater than 20

Question 32

Adrenal crisis pH value

Answer 32

Less than 7.3

Question 33

What fluid is given initially in adrenal crisis until signs and symptoms of hypovolemia stabilize?

Answer 33

5% dextrose and normal saline

Question 34

The patient may need how much of this fluid in the first 12 to 24 hours of adrenal insufficiency?

Answer 34

As much as 5 L

Question 35

How is hyperkalemia treated in adrenal crisis?

Answer 35

With fluid and glucocorticoid replacement, it may not have to be treated specifically

Question 36

What drug can be given IV push before the cortisol test is done

Answer 36

Dexamethasone phosphate (Decadron)
4 mg every eight hours until cosyntropin test has been done

Question 37

What do thyroid hormones bind to

Answer 37

Globulin, T4 binding pre-albumin, and albumin

Question 38

What is the relationship between T4 and T3

Answer 38

95% of thyroid hormones in the body or T4,T4 converts into T3, T3 is more potent than T4

Question 39

Peak times

Answer 39

Insulin