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Internal Medicine > Endocrine > Flashcards

Endocrine Flashcards

1
Q

Causes of Acute Pancreatitis?

A

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  • Gallstones
  • Ethanol
  • Trauma
  • Steroids
  • Mumps
  • Autoimmune
  • Scorpion sting
  • Hypercalcemia/Hypertriglyceridemia
  • ERCP (endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography procedure)
  • Drugs (esp. sulfa)
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2
Q

Clinical presentation of pancreatitis?

A
  • Epigastric pain that radiates to the back
  • Nausea/ Vomiting
  • Tachycardia
  • Pale mucosa
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3
Q

Physical exam findings in patients with hemorrhagic pancreatitis?

A
  • Cullen sign (bruising around umbilicus)
  • Grey- Turner sign (bruising around flanks)
  • Hypotension
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4
Q

Initial tests when acute pancreatitis is suscepted?

A

Serum amylase and lipase.

*Levels 3-4 times the upper limit

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5
Q

Standard imaging for acute pancreatitis?

A

Contrast Enhanced Computed Tomography (CECT)

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6
Q

Diagnostic criteria for Pancreatitis (Ranson’s criteria)?

A
  • Leukocytosis (>16,000)
  • Enzyme AST (>250)
  • Glucose (>200)
  • Age (>55)
  • LDH (>350)
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7
Q

Treatment for Acute Pancreatitis?

A
  • IV Fluid Resuscitation
  • NPO
  • Analgesics
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8
Q

Complications of Acute Pancreatitis?

A
  • Necrotizing Pancreatitis
  • Abscess
  • Pseudocyst
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9
Q

Chronic inflammatory process, which results in fibrosis, calcification, and irreversible damage to the parenchyma and glands of the pancreas?

A

Chronic Pancreatitis

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10
Q

Clinical Presentation of Chronic Pancreatitis?

A
  • Recurrent epigastric pain
  • Weight loss
  • Nausea
  • Constipation
  • Variable mild fever
  • Pancreatic Insufficiency (Malabsorption, Steatorrhea)
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11
Q

Physical exam findings in Chronic Pancreatitis?

A
  • Epigastric Tenderness
  • Epigastric Fullness
  • Mass (abscess or pseudocyst)
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12
Q

Diagnostic imaging used for Chronic Pancreatitis?

A
  • Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP), identifies calcifications within pancreatic ductst
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13
Q

Complications of Chronic Pancreatitis?

A
  • Fat and vitamin malabsorption
  • Pseudocyst formation
  • Abscess formation
  • Bile duct obstruction
  • Exocrine pancreatic cancer
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14
Q

Treatment for Chronic Pancreatitis?

A
  • Lifestyle changes (alcohol and smoking cessation)
  • Pain control
  • Dietary and pancreatic enzyme supplementation
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Internal Medicine (15 decks)

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