Cardiology Flashcards
Initial diagnostic test for ischemic heart disease?
Resting 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG)
Horizontal or down-sloping ST depression indicates?
Subendocardial Ischemia and positive ECG stress test
Indications of a positive stress test?
- ST depression
- Chest pain
- Hypotension
- Arrhythmias
Drugs with alter ECG results?
- Beta Blockers
- Non-dihrodpyridie CCB (Verapamil/Ditilazam)
- Anti-Arrhythmics (Amiodarone/Sotalol)
- Digoxin
- Nitrates
What drug is used for a pharmacologic stress test?
Dobutamine
What procedure tests for vessel stenosis?
Radionuclide myocardial perfusion imaging (rMPI)
Major modifiable risk factors for Coronary Artery Disease?
- Tobacco Use
- Hypertension
- Sedentary Lifestyle
- Obesity
- Diabetes Mellitus
LDL and HDL levels that indicate dyslipidemia?
- LDL > 130 mg/DL
- HDL < 40 mg/DL
Medications that increase LDL levels?
- Thiazide Diurectics
- Cyclosporine (Immunosuppressant)
- Glucocorticoids
- Amiodarone
Medical Disorders that cause increase in LDL levels?
REHAAB
- Renal disorders
- Endocrine Disorders
- Hepatocellular Carcinoma
- Anorexia
- Acute Intermittent Porphyria
- Biliary Stasis
LDL level that indicates hypocholesteremia?
LDL Levels <50
Etiologies of Hypocholesteremia?
- Abetalipoproteinemia
- Hypobetalipoprotemia
- Malignancy (Colon/Prostate)
- Malabsorptive disorders (Celiac)
Xanthelasmas?
- Physical manifestations of dyslipidemia
- Lipid deposits on the eyelids
- Seen in Familial Hypercholesteremia
Xanthomas?
- Physical manifestations of dyslipidemia
- Lipid deposits on trunk, extensor tendons and surfaces
Physical manifestations of dyslipidemia?
- Xanthomas
- Xanthelasmas
- Retinal Cholesterol Emboli
- Corneal Arcus
Extremely elevated triglycerides put the patient at risk for?
Pancreatitis
Retinal Cholesterol Emboli have what effect on the eyes?
Transient Vision Loss
Screening recommendations for dyslipidemia?
- Screening btwn ages 40-75
- Reassessed in 5 yr intervals (w/o risk factors)
What heart sound abnormality is caused by dilated cardiomyopathy?
S3 heart sound
Symptoms of dilated cardiomyopathy?
Similar to CHF:
- Orthopnea
- Dyspnea
- Weight gain
- Edema
- Weakness
Causes of Dilated Cardiomyopathy? (8)
- Alcohol
- Wet Beriberi
- Peripartum Cardiomyopathy
- Cocaine
- Chagas Disease
- Coxsackie B Virus
- Doxorubicin, Daunorubicin
- Hemochromatosis
Definitive treatment for Dilated Cardiomyopathy?
Heart Transplant
Most common pathogen responsible for Acute Endocarditis?
S. Aureus
on normal valves
Most common pathogens responsible for Subacute Endocarditis?
- Strep. Viridens
- S. epidermidis
- Enterococci
- HACEK group (
Sterile endocarditis is caused by?
Thrombi and platelets due to malignancy or SLE (Libman-Sacks)
Empiric Therapy for Infective Endocarditis?
Vancomycin
Treatment for Strep Viridans/Bovis Infective Endocarditis?
- Pencillin G + Gentamicin
- Ceftriaxone + Gentamicin
- Vancomycin (for Pencillin allergic patients)
*add Rifampin for prosthetic valves
Treatment for Sterile (non-bacterial) thrombotic Endocarditis?
Heparin