Endocrine Flashcards
Which hormones are produced by the posterior pituitary
Oxytocin
ADH
What does CRH stimulate?
ACTH release to adrenals
What does TRH stimulate?
TSH to stimulate thyroid hormone release
What does GRH stimulate?
GH to stimulate IGF-1 release to fat, muscle and liver
What does PRF do?
Stimulates prolactin to increase milk production at breasts
What does GnRH do?
Stimulates LH (sex steroid production) and FSH (ovary/sperm development)
What hormones are released from the 3 layers of the cortex and the medulla?
Glomerulosa: Aldosterone (increases Na retention)
Fasiculata: Cortisol (increases blood glucose, BP, bone breakdown)
Reticularis: Androgens ( produce testosterone so secondary sex characteristics)
Medulla: Catecholamines
Hypertension
HYPOkalaemia (muscle weakness)
alkalotic
Primary hyperaldosteronism
Ix: 1st: Increased Aldosterone: Renin ratio
Saline suppression test
CT for finding growth
Management:
Primary: Adrenalectomy
BAH: Spironolactone
Moon face Purple striae Fat around waist Hypertension Increased bone breakdown
Cushing’s
(Increased cortisol)
Investigation:
Dexamethasone suppression (low if exogenous)
Syacthen test ( low if adrenal)
High dose dexamethasone (raised if pituitary)
Treatment: Surgery
Metyrapone (reduce production pre-op)
Skinny
Hyperpigmented
HYPOtension ( Low Na
Addison’s (HLA DR3) (low aldosterone and cortisol)
Confirm by: synacthen test
Can also do APS 1/2
Treatment: Hydrocortisone (corticosteroid)
Fludrocortisone (mineralosteroid)
Sexual ambiguity
HYPOtension
Tachycardia
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (21-OHase and increased testosterone)
Investigate with:
Increased 17-OH progesterone
Hyponatremia/Hyperkalaemia
Management:
Steroid replacement
Aldosterone replacement
Surgery
Episodic
Hypertension, headaches and sweating
Phaeochromocytoma
Investigate: 24hr metanephrins
Management:
a blocker (tamsulosin
B-blocker (propanolol)
Cure with surgery
Sweating Palpitations Weight loss Heat intolerance Pretibial myxoma Thyroid acropachy Diarrhoea Oligomenorrhea
Hyperthyroidism (caused by graves disease usually)
Investigate:
Raised T3/4
TSH: Low if primary, high if secondary
Anti-TSH receptor antibodies
Management:
B blocker
Carbimazole/PTU
Thyroidectomy
Dry brittle skin Weight gain Lethargy Cold intolerance Constipation Menorrhagia Decreased reflexes
Hypothyroidism (usually hashimotos)
Investigate with TFTs
Low T3/4
TSH: High if 1, low if 2
Treatment: Levothyroxine
painful goitre and raised ESR indicates?
De Quervains