Endocrine Flashcards
1
Q
Parathyroid adenoma
A
Parathyroid adenoma
2
Q
Parathyroid carcinoma
A
Parathyroid carcinoma
3
Q
Hyperparathroidism
A
Hyperparathroidism
4
Q
Hypercalcaemia
A
Hypercalcaemia
5
Q
Phaeochromocytoma
A
- Catecholamine-secreting tumors that arise from chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla and the sympathetic ganglia
- 60% sporadic and 40% part of a genetic sydrome
- VHL 10-20%, MEN2 50%, up to 5% in NF1
- 50% paroxysmal symptoms
- Classic triad: Headache, sweating, tachycardia
- 10%: Extra-adrenal, multiple, malignant
- Diagnosis: Lab - plasma metanephrines, and 24-hour urine metanephrines and catecholamines, Chromogranin A
- CT (c+), MRI (non-con), MIBG
- Biopsy not recommended - high complication rate
- Histology can not differentiate benign from malignant
- FDG-PET and Ga-DOTATATE can be used to look for metastatic disease
- Consider genetic testing if bilateral, extra-adrenal, or unilateral age <45, unilateral with FHx
- Pre surgery: Alpha-bloackade with phenoxybenzamine for 2 weeks +/- Beta-blocker
- Consider bilateral complete adrenalectomy in MEN2 with tumour >2cm
- 15% recurrence. 50% of recurrences are malignant
6
Q
Papillary thyroid cancer
A
Papillary thyroid cancer
7
Q
Follicular thyroid cancer
A
Follicular thyroid cancer
8
Q
Medullary thyroid cancer
A
Medullary thyroid cancer
9
Q
Anapastic thyroid cancer
A
Anapastic thyroid cancer
10
Q
Multinodular goitre
A
Multinodular goitre
11
Q
Thyroid adenoma
A
Thyroid adenoma
12
Q
Adrenal cortical carcinoma
A
Adrenal cortical carcinoma
13
Q
Carcinoid syndrome
A
Carcinoid syndrome
14
Q
Thyroiditis
A
Thyroiditis
15
Q
Thyrotoxicosis
A
Thyrotoxicosis
