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Endocrine > Endocrine > Flashcards

Endocrine Flashcards

1
Q

Glands of the endocrine system

A 
Pineal body
Pituitary gland
Parathyroid 
Hypothalamus 
Thyroid gland 
Adrenal gland
Thymus gland
Pancreas
Ovaries
Testicles
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2
Q

Pineal body secrete which hormone

A

Melatonin

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3
Q

Hypothalamus responsible for what

A

Releasing and inhibits hormone secretion

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4
Q

Parathyroid secretes which hormone

A

PTH

Parathyroid hormone

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5
Q

Thyroid gland secrets which hormone

A

T3- triiodothyronine
T4- thyroxine
Calcitonin

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6
Q

Thymus gland secretes which hormone

A

Thymosin

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7
Q

Pancreas secretes which hormone

A

Glucagon

Insulin

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8
Q

Ovaries secrete which hormones

A

Estrogen

Progesterone

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9
Q

Testicles secret which hormone

A

Testosterone

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10
Q

Adrenal glands secretes what hormones

A

Adrenal cortex- mineralcorticoid(aldosterone)
Glucocorticoid(cortisol)
Androgen and estrogen

Adrenal medulla-
Epinephrine
Norepinephrine

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11
Q

The pituitary gland anterior secretes what hormones

A 
GH( growth hormone)
LH( luteinizing hormone)
TSH( thyroid stimulating hormone)
ACTH( adrenocorticotropic hormone)
FSH( follicle stimulating hormone)
Prolactin
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12
Q

Pituitary gland posterior secretes which hormones

A

Oxytocin

ADH( antidiuretic hormone)

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13
Q

Which lobe of the pituitary gland is hypophysis

A

Anterior lobe

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14
Q

Which lobe of the pituitary gland is neurophysis

A

Posterior lobe

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15
Q

The pineal gland is located

A

Midbrain,cranial vault

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16
Q

Pituitary gland is located

A

Produced in the hypothalamus

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17
Q

Thyroid glands is located

A

2 lobes below larynx over thyroid cartilage

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18
Q

Parathyroid gland is located

A

Posterior surface thyroid gland

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19
Q

What gland is located at the base of the neck in front of the thoracic cavity

A

Thymus gland

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20
Q

Located anterior upper surface of each kidney

A

Adrenal glands

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21
Q

Pancreas location

A

upper left aspect of abdominal cavity

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22
Q

Ovaries are located in the

A

Pelvic cavity

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23
Q

Testes hang in the _____ of males

A

Scrotum

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24
Q

_____hormone stimulates growth and development of bones, muscles and organs. Also known as somatotropin. Stimulates growth by promoting ________.

A

Growth

Protein synthesis

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25
Q

Increase secretion of adrenalcortical hormone

A

ACTH

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26
Q

_______ stimulates development of egg and sperm.

A

FSH (follicle stimulating hormone)

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27
Q

Luteinizing hormone controls _______ and _______

A

Ovulation

Testosterone

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28
Q

Hormone that stimulates breast milk

A

Prolactin

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29
Q

Hormone that Controls activity of thyroid gland

A

TSH ( thyroid stimulating hormone)

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30
Q

ADH ( antidiuretic hormone) function

A

Reabsorption of water from renal tubules

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31
Q

Hormone that promotes release of breast milk, and stimulate uterine contractions

A

Oxytocin

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32
Q

T3 thyroid hormone that increase metabolic rate, and regulate energy and heat production

A

Triiodothyronine

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33
Q

T4 thyroid hormone that increase metabolic rate, and regulate energy and heat

A

Thyroxine

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34
Q

Calcitonin reduces level of _____ in blood by ____ movement of calcium from blood to bones.

A

Calcium

Increase

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35
Q

Adrenal cortex hormone that affects electrolytes such as sodium, potassium, and chloride. Main mineral is aldosterone.

A

Mineralcorticoid

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36
Q

Glucocorticoid primary mineral is ____. It increase glucose levels in blood, and counteracts inflammation.

A

Cortisol

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37
Q

Both aldosterone and cortisol are controlled by _______.

A

ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone)

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38
Q

Hormones helps cope with stress. Released in fight or flight response

A

Epinephrine and norepinephrine

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39
Q

What is negative feedback

A

Gives the opposite effect.

Initiates hormone on target organ.

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40
Q

What is the largest and only palpable endocrine gland

A

Thyroid gland

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41
Q

The ____ is both endocrine and exocrine

A

Pancreas

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42
Q

Endocrine secretes hormone via

A

Bloodstream

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43
Q

Exocrine secretes hormones through

A

Ducts of target tissue

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44
Q

_____ cells are responsible for producing and secreting insulin. Uses insulin as fuel.

A

Beta

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45
Q

____ cells release glucagon which stimulate liver to change glycogen into glucose.

A

Alfa

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46
Q

How are pituitary tumors diagnosed

A

MRI

Ct scan

47
Q

S/ s of pituitary tumor

A 
Ha
Blindness
Personality change
Weakness 
Fatigue
48
Q

Treatment for pituitary tumor

A

Hormone therapy
Surgical
Irradiation
Hypophysectomy

49
Q

What is hypophysectomy

A

Removal of pituitary gland or adenoma

50
Q

Coughing after a hypophysectomy can cause

A

Cerebral spinal fluid leak

51
Q

Nursing management after pt has had a hypophysectomy

A 
Pt semi fowlers
Vs
Do not brush teeth, cough, sneeze, blow nose, or bend forward
Asst with morning mouth rinsing
And breathing exercises
52
Q

Excessive secretions of GH in children can cause. Leading to tall stature. Bone platelets do not closed

A

Gigantism

53
Q

Excessive excretion of GH in adults is called

A

Acromegaly

54
Q

First sign of acromegaly is

A

Shoe size

55
Q

Decrease in the level of one or more hormone common cause for tumors
(Autoimmune, infections,destruction of pituitary) this is called

A

Hypofunction of the pituitary gland

56
Q

40% below normal height causes can be hereditary, damage of anterior pituitary gland

A

Dwarfism

57
Q

Growth hormone is also known as

A

Somatotropin

58
Q 
Moon face
Personality changes 
Hyperglycemia 
Cns irritability 
Edema 
Male: gynecomastia
Female: amenorrhea, hirsutism
S/S of what syndrome
A

Cushing syndrome

59
Q 
Bronze pigment
Changes in distribution of body hair
Hypoglycemia 
Postural hypotension
Weight loss
Weakness 
S/S of what disease
A

Addison’s disease

60
Q 
Profound fatigue
Dehydration
Vascular collapse( decrease BP)
Renal shut down
Decrease sodium
Decrease potassium 
S/s of what crisis
A

Adrenal crisis

61
Q

With hypothyroidism what are some s/s

A 
Hair loss
Slow metabolism 
Apathy
Intolerance to cold
Dull blank expression 
Muscle aches/ weakness
Thick tongue/ slow speech
Anorexia
Brittle nails and hair
Facial eye lid edema
Constipation
Lethargic
62
Q 
Finger clubbing
Facial flushing
Intolerance to heat
Enlarge thyroid
Weight loss
Muscle wasting
Tremors
Localized edema
Tachycardia
Bulging eyes
S/s of
A

Hyperthyroidism

63
Q

S/s of hyperkalemia

A 
Muscle twitches
Cramps
Parenthesis
Irritability and anxiety
Decrease BP
EKG change
Abdominal cramping
Diarrhea
64
Q

What are some stress reduction methods

A 
Meditation
Yoga
Biofeedback 
Creative imagery
Breathing exercises 
Thought stopping 
Proper nutrition
65
Q

Methylprednisolone(solu-medrol)
Dexamethasone(decadron)
Prednisone(deltasone)

Are what types of medications

A

Corticosteroids

66
Q

Calcimar nasal spray can cause

A

Back pain
Nose bleeds
Ha

67
Q

When calcium is up _______is down

A

Phosphorus

68
Q 
Adrenal gland hormones.
The 3 S's 
Sugar
Salt
Sex
A

Glucocorticoid
Mineralcorticoid
Androgens

69
Q

The body’s sleep and awake cycle is known as

A

Circadian rhythm

70
Q

Diabetes insipidus is caused from

A

Decrease in ADH

71
Q

Hashimoto disease is a autoimmune disorder of which gland

A

Pancreas

72
Q

SIADH syndrome of inappropriate diuretic hormone is caused by

A

Increase of ADH

73
Q

S/s of Diabetes insipidus

A 
Wt loss
Diluted urine
Dehydration 
Hypernatremia
Hypotonic saline
74
Q

Treatment for diabetes insipidus

A

Desmopressin(DDAVP)
Hypertonic fluid
Vasopressin

75
Q

S/s of SIADH

A

Hypervolemic
Hyponatremia
Concentrated urine
Wt gain

76
Q

Treatment for SIADH

A

Blockage of ADH
Lasix
Demeclocycline or lithium carbonate

77
Q

Disorders of the posterior pituitary gland

A

Diabetes insipidus

SIADH

78
Q

Thyroid gland stores

A

Iodine

79
Q

Hypothyroidism in infants is called

A

Cretinism
Causes permanent physical and mental retardation
Growth failure

80
Q

Hypothyroidism in adolescence is called

A

Juvenile Myxedema

81
Q

Hypothyroidism in adults is called

A

Myxedema

Usually reversible

82
Q

Treatment for hypothyroidism

A

Hormone replacement
Levothyroxine( synthroid)- take on a empty stomach same time each day
Monitor chest pain and HR

83
Q

Most common/ chronic thyroiditis

A

Autoimmune disorder- hashimoto thyroiditis

84
Q

Most common type of thyroid cancer

A

Papillary carcinoma

85
Q

Another name for Toxic modular goiter

A

Graves’ disease

86
Q

Most common hyperthyroidism

A

Graves’ disease

87
Q

Examples of goitrogens

A 
Soy beans
Rutabaga
Salicylate 
Lithium
Iodine
PTU
Sulfanilamide
88
Q

Small thyroid nodules that secretes excess thyroid hormone

A

Multinodular goiter

89
Q

When antibodies are produced against thyroid gland this is called. Inflammation of the thyroid

A

Thyroiditis

90
Q

What is the hormone replacement normally used

A

Levothyroxine

91
Q

How to give levothyroxine

A

On a empty stomach
In a.m. Each day
Monitor HR and chest pain
Hold if pulse rate >100

92
Q

This disorder is caused when the metabolic rate sits extremely low. Life threatening

A

Myxedema coma

93
Q

S/S of myxedema is

A 
Loss of consciousness 
Hypotension 
Hypothermia <95
Hyponatremia 
Hypoglycemia 
Hypoventilation
94
Q

Treatment for myxedema

A 
IV levothyroxine 
Fluid replacement
Maintain airway
IV glucose
Corticosteroids 
Warming therapy
95
Q

Disorders of the thyroid gland include

A 
Hypothyroidism 
Myxedema 
Thyroiditis 
Cancer of the thyroid gland
Simple goiter
Hypothyroidism
96
Q

S/s of thyroiditis

A

Painless enlarge thyroid

Dysphasia

97
Q

Causes of thyroiditis

A

Iron deficiency

Long exposure to goitrogens

98
Q

Examples of goitrogens

A 
Soybeans
Turnips
Salicylate 
Lithium
Iodine
Rudavega
pTU
Sulfa
99
Q

S/s of thyroid gland cancer

A

Hard painless nodule
Fatigue
Depression
Weight changes

100
Q

Treatment for thyroid cancer

A 
Thyroidectomy
Radioactive iodine(ablation)
101
Q

First sign of a simple goiter..

Other s/s

A

Enlarge gland at the base of neck…
Fullness in throat
Dysphasia
Dyspnea

102
Q

Excess circulation of thyroid hormones T3 and T4 is called

A

Hyperthyroidism

103
Q

Complication of hyperthyroidism is

A

Thyrotoxicosis (thyroid storm/ crisis)

104
Q

S/s of thyroid storm include

A

Temp 106
HR 200bpm
Tachycardia
Dysrhythmia

105
Q

Why would a pt receive a thyroidectomy

A

Pt didn’t respond well to anti thyroid drugs

106
Q

Complications of a thyroidectomy

A 
Hemorrhage 
Thyroid storm
Hypoparathyroidism
Vocal cord paralysis 
Tetany( muscle twitching/ spasms)
Airway obstruction
107
Q

Non treatment of a thyroid storm can lead to

A

Heart failure

108
Q

Post op for a pt who received a thyroidectomy

A 
High fowlers
Keep head in neutral position
Vs
Tracheostomy kit @ bed side
Instruct No coughing
Pillows /sand bags support head of neck
Calcium gluconate for calcium replacement 
Laryngeal spasms might occur
109
Q

Abnormal protrusion of eyeballs is called ________. This is seen in pt with _________. These pt might experience double vision, feeling of sand in eyes, and tearing.

A

Exophthalamus

Hyperthyroidism

110
Q

Pt with exophthalmus you want to make sure they?

A 
Keep eyes lubricated artificial tears
Limit salt intake
Avoid sudden movement
Elevate HOB
Wear dark glasses
111
Q

Treatment for hyperthyroidism includes

A

Main drug tapazole
Propythiouracil(PTU)
Anti thyroid drugs ( thionamides)
Beta blocker (propanol)

112
Q

Decrease in PTH can cause

A

Hypoparathyroidism

113
Q

Increase in PTH can cause

A

Hyperparathyroidism

114
Q

Hypoparathyroidism (decrease in PTH) can cause

A

Hypocalcemia
Increase phosphorus
Decrease in calcium

Endocrine (5 decks)

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