Endocrine Flashcards
1
Q
Glands of the endocrine system
A
Pineal body Pituitary gland Parathyroid Hypothalamus Thyroid gland Adrenal gland Thymus gland Pancreas Ovaries Testicles
2
Q
Pineal body secrete which hormone
A
Melatonin
3
Q
Hypothalamus responsible for what
A
Releasing and inhibits hormone secretion
4
Q
Parathyroid secretes which hormone
A
PTH
Parathyroid hormone
5
Q
Thyroid gland secrets which hormone
A
T3- triiodothyronine
T4- thyroxine
Calcitonin
6
Q
Thymus gland secretes which hormone
A
Thymosin
7
Q
Pancreas secretes which hormone
A
Glucagon
Insulin
8
Q
Ovaries secrete which hormones
A
Estrogen
Progesterone
9
Q
Testicles secret which hormone
A
Testosterone
10
Q
Adrenal glands secretes what hormones
A
Adrenal cortex- mineralcorticoid(aldosterone)
Glucocorticoid(cortisol)
Androgen and estrogen
Adrenal medulla-
Epinephrine
Norepinephrine
11
Q
The pituitary gland anterior secretes what hormones
A
GH( growth hormone) LH( luteinizing hormone) TSH( thyroid stimulating hormone) ACTH( adrenocorticotropic hormone) FSH( follicle stimulating hormone) Prolactin
12
Q
Pituitary gland posterior secretes which hormones
A
Oxytocin
ADH( antidiuretic hormone)
13
Q
Which lobe of the pituitary gland is hypophysis
A
Anterior lobe
14
Q
Which lobe of the pituitary gland is neurophysis
A
Posterior lobe
15
Q
The pineal gland is located
A
Midbrain,cranial vault
16
Q
Pituitary gland is located
A
Produced in the hypothalamus
17
Q
Thyroid glands is located
A
2 lobes below larynx over thyroid cartilage
18
Q
Parathyroid gland is located
A
Posterior surface thyroid gland
19
Q
What gland is located at the base of the neck in front of the thoracic cavity
A
Thymus gland
20
Q
Located anterior upper surface of each kidney
A
Adrenal glands
21
Q
Pancreas location
A
upper left aspect of abdominal cavity
22
Q
Ovaries are located in the
A
Pelvic cavity
23
Q
Testes hang in the _____ of males
A
Scrotum
24
Q
_____hormone stimulates growth and development of bones, muscles and organs. Also known as somatotropin. Stimulates growth by promoting ________.
A
Growth
Protein synthesis
25
Increase secretion of adrenalcortical hormone
ACTH
26
_______ stimulates development of egg and sperm.
FSH (follicle stimulating hormone)
27
Luteinizing hormone controls _______ and _______
Ovulation
| Testosterone
28
Hormone that stimulates breast milk
Prolactin
29
Hormone that Controls activity of thyroid gland
TSH ( thyroid stimulating hormone)
30
ADH ( antidiuretic hormone) function
Reabsorption of water from renal tubules
31
Hormone that promotes release of breast milk, and stimulate uterine contractions
Oxytocin
32
T3 thyroid hormone that increase metabolic rate, and regulate energy and heat production
Triiodothyronine
33
T4 thyroid hormone that increase metabolic rate, and regulate energy and heat
Thyroxine
34
Calcitonin reduces level of _____ in blood by ____ movement of calcium from blood to bones.
Calcium
Increase
35
Adrenal cortex hormone that affects electrolytes such as sodium, potassium, and chloride. Main mineral is aldosterone.
Mineralcorticoid
36
Glucocorticoid primary mineral is ____. It increase glucose levels in blood, and counteracts inflammation.
Cortisol
37
Both aldosterone and cortisol are controlled by _______.
ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone)
38
Hormones helps cope with stress. Released in fight or flight response
Epinephrine and norepinephrine
39
What is negative feedback
Gives the opposite effect.
| Initiates hormone on target organ.
40
What is the largest and only palpable endocrine gland
Thyroid gland
41
The ____ is both endocrine and exocrine
Pancreas
42
Endocrine secretes hormone via
Bloodstream
43
Exocrine secretes hormones through
Ducts of target tissue
44
_____ cells are responsible for producing and secreting insulin. Uses insulin as fuel.
Beta
45
____ cells release glucagon which stimulate liver to change glycogen into glucose.
Alfa
46
How are pituitary tumors diagnosed
MRI
| Ct scan
47
S/ s of pituitary tumor
```
Ha
Blindness
Personality change
Weakness
Fatigue
```
48
Treatment for pituitary tumor
Hormone therapy
Surgical
Irradiation
Hypophysectomy
49
What is hypophysectomy
Removal of pituitary gland or adenoma
50
Coughing after a hypophysectomy can cause
Cerebral spinal fluid leak
51
Nursing management after pt has had a hypophysectomy
```
Pt semi fowlers
Vs
Do not brush teeth, cough, sneeze, blow nose, or bend forward
Asst with morning mouth rinsing
And breathing exercises
```
52
Excessive secretions of GH in children can cause. Leading to tall stature. Bone platelets do not closed
Gigantism
53
Excessive excretion of GH in adults is called
Acromegaly
54
First sign of acromegaly is
Shoe size
55
Decrease in the level of one or more hormone common cause for tumors
(Autoimmune, infections,destruction of pituitary) this is called
Hypofunction of the pituitary gland
56
40% below normal height causes can be hereditary, damage of anterior pituitary gland
Dwarfism
57
Growth hormone is also known as
Somatotropin
58
```
Moon face
Personality changes
Hyperglycemia
Cns irritability
Edema
Male: gynecomastia
Female: amenorrhea, hirsutism
S/S of what syndrome
```
Cushing syndrome
59
```
Bronze pigment
Changes in distribution of body hair
Hypoglycemia
Postural hypotension
Weight loss
Weakness
S/S of what disease
```
Addison's disease
60
```
Profound fatigue
Dehydration
Vascular collapse( decrease BP)
Renal shut down
Decrease sodium
Decrease potassium
S/s of what crisis
```
Adrenal crisis
61
With hypothyroidism what are some s/s
```
Hair loss
Slow metabolism
Apathy
Intolerance to cold
Dull blank expression
Muscle aches/ weakness
Thick tongue/ slow speech
Anorexia
Brittle nails and hair
Facial eye lid edema
Constipation
Lethargic
```
62
```
Finger clubbing
Facial flushing
Intolerance to heat
Enlarge thyroid
Weight loss
Muscle wasting
Tremors
Localized edema
Tachycardia
Bulging eyes
S/s of
```
Hyperthyroidism
63
S/s of hyperkalemia
```
Muscle twitches
Cramps
Parenthesis
Irritability and anxiety
Decrease BP
EKG change
Abdominal cramping
Diarrhea
```
64
What are some stress reduction methods
```
Meditation
Yoga
Biofeedback
Creative imagery
Breathing exercises
Thought stopping
Proper nutrition
```
65
Methylprednisolone(solu-medrol)
Dexamethasone(decadron)
Prednisone(deltasone)
Are what types of medications
Corticosteroids
66
Calcimar nasal spray can cause
Back pain
Nose bleeds
Ha
67
When calcium is up _______is down
Phosphorus
68
```
Adrenal gland hormones.
The 3 S's
Sugar
Salt
Sex
```
Glucocorticoid
Mineralcorticoid
Androgens
69
The body's sleep and awake cycle is known as
Circadian rhythm
70
Diabetes insipidus is caused from
Decrease in ADH
71
Hashimoto disease is a autoimmune disorder of which gland
Pancreas
72
SIADH syndrome of inappropriate diuretic hormone is caused by
Increase of ADH
73
S/s of Diabetes insipidus
```
Wt loss
Diluted urine
Dehydration
Hypernatremia
Hypotonic saline
```
74
Treatment for diabetes insipidus
Desmopressin(DDAVP)
Hypertonic fluid
Vasopressin
75
S/s of SIADH
Hypervolemic
Hyponatremia
Concentrated urine
Wt gain
76
Treatment for SIADH
Blockage of ADH
Lasix
Demeclocycline or lithium carbonate
77
Disorders of the posterior pituitary gland
Diabetes insipidus
| SIADH
78
Thyroid gland stores
Iodine
79
Hypothyroidism in infants is called
Cretinism
Causes permanent physical and mental retardation
Growth failure
80
Hypothyroidism in adolescence is called
Juvenile Myxedema
81
Hypothyroidism in adults is called
Myxedema
| Usually reversible
82
Treatment for hypothyroidism
Hormone replacement
Levothyroxine( synthroid)- take on a empty stomach same time each day
Monitor chest pain and HR
83
Most common/ chronic thyroiditis
Autoimmune disorder- hashimoto thyroiditis
84
Most common type of thyroid cancer
Papillary carcinoma
85
Another name for Toxic modular goiter
Graves' disease
86
Most common hyperthyroidism
Graves' disease
87
Examples of goitrogens
```
Soy beans
Rutabaga
Salicylate
Lithium
Iodine
PTU
Sulfanilamide
```
88
Small thyroid nodules that secretes excess thyroid hormone
Multinodular goiter
89
When antibodies are produced against thyroid gland this is called. Inflammation of the thyroid
Thyroiditis
90
What is the hormone replacement normally used
Levothyroxine
91
How to give levothyroxine
On a empty stomach
In a.m. Each day
Monitor HR and chest pain
Hold if pulse rate >100
92
This disorder is caused when the metabolic rate sits extremely low. Life threatening
Myxedema coma
93
S/S of myxedema is
```
Loss of consciousness
Hypotension
Hypothermia <95
Hyponatremia
Hypoglycemia
Hypoventilation
```
94
Treatment for myxedema
```
IV levothyroxine
Fluid replacement
Maintain airway
IV glucose
Corticosteroids
Warming therapy
```
95
Disorders of the thyroid gland include
```
Hypothyroidism
Myxedema
Thyroiditis
Cancer of the thyroid gland
Simple goiter
Hypothyroidism
```
96
S/s of thyroiditis
Painless enlarge thyroid
| Dysphasia
97
Causes of thyroiditis
Iron deficiency
| Long exposure to goitrogens
98
Examples of goitrogens
```
Soybeans
Turnips
Salicylate
Lithium
Iodine
Rudavega
pTU
Sulfa
```
99
S/s of thyroid gland cancer
Hard painless nodule
Fatigue
Depression
Weight changes
100
Treatment for thyroid cancer
```
Thyroidectomy
Radioactive iodine(ablation)
```
101
First sign of a simple goiter..
| Other s/s
Enlarge gland at the base of neck...
Fullness in throat
Dysphasia
Dyspnea
102
Excess circulation of thyroid hormones T3 and T4 is called
Hyperthyroidism
103
Complication of hyperthyroidism is
Thyrotoxicosis (thyroid storm/ crisis)
104
S/s of thyroid storm include
Temp 106
HR 200bpm
Tachycardia
Dysrhythmia
105
Why would a pt receive a thyroidectomy
Pt didn't respond well to anti thyroid drugs
106
Complications of a thyroidectomy
```
Hemorrhage
Thyroid storm
Hypoparathyroidism
Vocal cord paralysis
Tetany( muscle twitching/ spasms)
Airway obstruction
```
107
Non treatment of a thyroid storm can lead to
Heart failure
108
Post op for a pt who received a thyroidectomy
```
High fowlers
Keep head in neutral position
Vs
Tracheostomy kit @ bed side
Instruct No coughing
Pillows /sand bags support head of neck
Calcium gluconate for calcium replacement
Laryngeal spasms might occur
```
109
Abnormal protrusion of eyeballs is called ________. This is seen in pt with _________. These pt might experience double vision, feeling of sand in eyes, and tearing.
Exophthalamus
| Hyperthyroidism
110
Pt with exophthalmus you want to make sure they?
```
Keep eyes lubricated artificial tears
Limit salt intake
Avoid sudden movement
Elevate HOB
Wear dark glasses
```
111
Treatment for hyperthyroidism includes
Main drug tapazole
Propythiouracil(PTU)
Anti thyroid drugs ( thionamides)
Beta blocker (propanol)
112
Decrease in PTH can cause
Hypoparathyroidism
113
Increase in PTH can cause
Hyperparathyroidism
114
Hypoparathyroidism (decrease in PTH) can cause
Hypocalcemia
Increase phosphorus
Decrease in calcium
