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Endocrine Flashcards

1
Q

Laron dwarfism

A

Mutation in GH receptor
Increased levels of GH, low IGF-I and IGFBP-3
Treat with IGF-1

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2
Q

Prader-Willi syndrome

A

Deletion in paternal copy of chromosome 15

GH replacement decreases body fat

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3
Q

Octreotide

A

Somatostatin analogue

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4
Q

Lanreotide

A

Somatostatin analogue

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5
Q

Cabergoline

A

Dopamine D2 receptor agonist
More selective for D2
Take weekly

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6
Q

Dromocriptine

A

Dopamine D2 receptor agonist
Used for small protactinomas
Take daily

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7
Q

Leo thyroxine

A

T4 analogue

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8
Q

Triiodothyronine

A

T3 analogue

Much lower half life than T4

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9
Q

Propylthiouracil

A

Thioamide (inhibit thyroid hormone synthesis)
Half life is 1.5 hours
Block iodination of tyrosyl groups

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10
Q

Methimazole

A

Thioamide (inhibit thyroid hormone synthesis)
Half life is 6 hours
Block iodination of tyrosyl groups

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11
Q

Cosyntropin

A

ACTH analogue

Used for ACTH stimulation test

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12
Q

Hydrocortisone

A

Short acting steroid

100% bioavailability

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13
Q

Dexamethasone

A

Long acting steroid

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14
Q

Prednisone

A

Long acting steroid

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15
Q

Fludrocortisone

A

Steroid which is mainly a mineralocorticoid
Used in primary adrenal insufficiency
Watch for hypokalemia

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16
Q

Ketoconazole

A

Nonselective inhibitor of adrenal and gonadal steroids
Used in Cushings disease
Blocks cyp 17-20 and 3B hydroxysteroid

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17
Q

Mitotane

A

Nonselective cytotoxic adrenal cortex agent

Used in adrenal carcinoma

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18
Q

Mifepristone

A

Glucocorticoid receptor antagonist
Treats diabetes related to Cushings disease
Watch for hypokalemia and QT prolongation

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19
Q

Gonadorelin

A

Synthetic GnHR

Half life 4 min

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20
Q

Leuprolide

A

GnRH analog
More potent and longer acting
Half life 3 hrs intranasal

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21
Q

Goserelin

A

GnRH analog
More potent and longer acting
Half life 3 hrs intranasal

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22
Q

Nafarelin

A

GnRH analog
More potent and longer acting
Half life 3 hrs intranasal

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23
Q

Ganirelix

A

GnRH antagonist

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24
Q

Urofillotropin

A

FSH from urine of postmenopausal women

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25
Q

Fillotrpon alpha

A

Recombinant FSH

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26
Q

Lutropin alpha

A

Recombinant LH

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27
Q

Human chorionic gonadotropin

A

Chorionic gonadotropin
Produced by the placenta
More LH activity than FSH

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28
Q

Choriogonadotrpin

A

Chorionic gonadotropin
Recombinant
More LH activity than FSH

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29
Q

Human menopausal gonadotropin

A

Menotropin

FSH and LH activity

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30
Q

Estradiol

A

Natural estrogen
major product of the ovary
E2

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31
Q

Estrone

A

Natural estrogen

E1

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32
Q

Estriol

A

Natural estrogen

E3

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33
Q

Estropipate

A

Natural estrogen

Purified crystalline estrone

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34
Q

Estrogen esters

A

Natural estrogen

Metabolically resistant pro hormones

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35
Q

Conjugated estrogens

A

Natural estrogen
Equine estrogen sulfate sodium salts
High potency

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36
Q

ethinyl estradiol

A

Synthetic estrogen
Extensive hepatic metabolism
More active than natural estrogens

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37
Q

Diethylstibestrol (DES)

A

Synthetic estrogen
Non-steroidal
Carcinoma in female offspring

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38
Q

Esterfied estrogens

A

Synthetic estrogen
From soybeans and yams
Metabolic conversion from estrone to estradiol

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39
Q

Bisphenol A

A

Leaches from plastics

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40
Q

Genistein

A

Isofavone phytoestrogen

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41
Q

Medroxyprogesterone acetate

A

Progestin agent

Androgenic and antiestrogenic

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42
Q

Norethindrone

A

Progestin agent, 1st generation

Androgenic, antiestrogenic, and anabolic

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43
Q

Levonorgestrel

A

Progestin agent, 2nd generation

Androgenic, antiestrogenic, and anabolic

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44
Q

Desogestrol

A

Progestin agent, 3rd gen

No other effects

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45
Q

Drospirenone

A

Progestin agent, 4th generation

Estrogenic, slight antiandrogenic, antimineralocorticoid

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46
Q

Tamoxifen

A

Selective estrogen receptor modulator
Partial agonist-antagonist
Used in breast cancer

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47
Q

Toremifene

A

Selective estrogen receptor modulator
Partial agonist-antagonist
Used in breast cancer

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48
Q

Raloxifene

A

Selective estrogen receptor modulator
Partial agonist-antagonist
Used in osteoporosis

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49
Q

Bazedoxifene

A

Selective estrogen receptor modulator
Partial agonist-antagonist
Used for menopausal symptoms

50
Q

Clomiphene

A

Selective estrogen receptor modulator
Partial agonist-antagonist
Used for ovulation induction

51
Q

Fulvestrant

A

Estrogen antagonist

Used in tamoxifen resistant breast cancer

52
Q

Mefipristone

A

Progesterone antagonist

Postcoital contraceptive, abortifacient, glucocorticoid antagonist

53
Q

Anstrazole

A

Nonsteroidal aromatase inhibitor

54
Q

Letrozole

A

Nonsteroidal aromatase inhibitor

55
Q

Exemestane

A

Steroid aromatase inhibitor

Irreversible

56
Q

Danazol

A

Derivative of 17a-ethinyl-testosterone
Weak progestin, androgen, and glucocorticoid activity
Used to suppress ovarian function

57
Q

Methyltestorsterone

A

Androgenic agent
1:1 androgenic:anabolic activity
Oral

58
Q

Fluoxymetstrone

A

Androgenic agent
1:2 androgenic:anabolic activity
Oral

59
Q

Oxandrolone

A

Androgenic agent
1:3 androgenic:anabolic activity
Oral

60
Q

Testosterone esters

A

Androgenic agent
1:1 androgenic:anabolic activity
IM (oily depot)

61
Q

Abiraterone

A

17a-hydroxylase inhibitor

62
Q

Finastreride

A

5a-hydroxylase inhibitor

63
Q

Dutasteride

A

5a-hydroxylase inhibitor

Longer half life

64
Q

Cyproterone

A

Androgen receptor inhibitor

Used for hirsutism and excessive male sexual desire

65
Q

Flutamide

A

Androgen receptor inhibitor

Competitive antagonist

66
Q

Calcium carbonate

A

Oral
Cheap
GI upset

67
Q

Calcium citrate

A

Oral

Fewer GI problems

68
Q

Calcium gluconate

A

IV
For severe symptomatic hypocalcemia
Rapid infusion can cause arrhythmias

69
Q

Cholecalciferol

A

Vitamin D3

70
Q

Erocalciferol

A

Vitamin D2

71
Q

Cacitriol

A

Active vitamin D3

72
Q

Calcipotriene

A

Topical vitamin D

73
Q

Doxercalciferol

A

Vitamin D analog used in secondary hyperparathyroisism of renal disease

74
Q

Paricalitol

A

Vitamin D analog used in secondary hyperparathyroisism of renal disease

75
Q

Etidronate

A

Bisphosphonate
Daily
For Paget’s only

76
Q

Alendronate

A

Bisphosphonate

Daily or weekly

77
Q

Risedronate

A

Bisphosphonate

Daily, weekly, or monthly

78
Q

Ibandronate

A

Bisphosphonate

Monthly (oral) or quarterly (IV)

79
Q

Zoledronic acid

A

Bisphosphonate

Annual (IV)

80
Q

Pamidoronate

A

Bisphosphonate
IV
Paget’s and malignancies

81
Q

Teriparatide

A

PTH 1-34
Used for osteoporosis
Stimulates structurally normal new bone

82
Q

Calcitonin

A

Used in osteoporosis
Increases bone mass
Not as useful as bisphosphonate or teriparatide

83
Q

Denosumab

A

RANKL inhibitor

Suppresses bone resorption

84
Q

Fluoride

A

Prevents dental caries

85
Q

Cinacalcet

A

Activates calcium sensing receptor in parathyroid

Used in 2ndary hyperparathyroidism in renal disease and parathyroid carcinoma

86
Q

Lispro

A

Rapid acting insulin

87
Q

Aspart

A

Rapid acting insulin

88
Q

Glulisine

A

Rapid acting insulin

89
Q

Regular Novolin

A

Short-acting insulin

90
Q

Regular Humulin

A

Short-acting insulin

91
Q

NPH Humulin

A

Intermediate acting insulin

92
Q

NPH Novolin

A

Intermediate acting insulin

93
Q

Detemir

A

Long-acting insulin

94
Q

Glargine

A

Long-acting insulin

95
Q

Tolbutamide

A

1st gen sulfonylurea

96
Q

Tolazamide

A

1st gen sulfonylurea

97
Q

Chlorpropamide

A

1st gen sulfonylurea

98
Q

Glyburide

A

2nd gen sulfonylurea

99
Q

Glipizide

A

2nd gen sulfonylurea

100
Q

Glimepiride

A

2nd gen sulfonylurea

101
Q

Repaglinide

A

Meglitinide

102
Q

Nateglinide

A

Meglitinide

103
Q

Metformin

104
Q

Rosiglitazone

A

Thiazolidinedione

105
Q

Pioglitzaone

A

Thiazolidinedione

106
Q

Exenatide

A

GLP-1 Analogue

107
Q

Liraglutide

A

GLP-1 Analogue

108
Q

Albiglutide

A

GLP-1 Analogue

109
Q

Duraglutide

A

GLP-1 Analogue

110
Q

Silagliptin

A

Dipeptidyl Peptidiase-4 inhibitor

111
Q

Saxagliptin

A

Dipeptidyl Peptidiase-4 inhibitor

112
Q

Linagliptin

A

Dipeptidyl Peptidiase-4 inhibitor

113
Q

Alogliptin

A

Dipeptidyl Peptidiase-4 inhibitor

114
Q

Acarbose

A

alpha-glycosidase inhibitor

115
Q

Miglitol

A

alpha-glycosidase inhibitor

116
Q

Canagliflozin

A

SGLT2 inhibitor

117
Q

Dapagliflozin

A

SGLT2 inhibitor

118
Q

Empagliflozin

A

SGLT2 inhibitor

119
Q

Pramlintide

A

Amylin analog

120
Q

Covesevalam

A

Bile acid sequestrant

Can exacerbate hyperglycemia

IC (5 decks)

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