endocrine Flashcards
What is the primary function of the hormones sent to the anterior pituitary gland by the hypothalamus?
To regulate the secretion of hormones from the anterior pituitary gland.
Name one hormone produced by the hypothalamus that stimulates the anterior pituitary gland.
Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)
True or False: The hypothalamus directly secretes hormones into the bloodstream.
False
What hormone released by the hypothalamus stimulates the release of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) from the anterior pituitary?
Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)
Fill in the blank: The hypothalamus releases _______ to promote the secretion of growth hormone (GH).
Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH)
Which hormone from the hypothalamus inhibits the secretion of prolactin from the anterior pituitary?
Dopamine (Prolactin-inhibiting hormone)
List two hormones that the hypothalamus sends to the anterior pituitary gland.
Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) and Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)
What hormone is responsible for stimulating the secretion of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH)?
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)
True or False: The anterior pituitary gland can function without hormones from the hypothalamus.
False
What is the role of somatostatin released by the hypothalamus?
To inhibit the release of growth hormone (GH) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH).
Which hormone regulates the synthesis and release of thyroid hormones?
Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
What is the effect of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) on the anterior pituitary?
It stimulates the release of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH).
Fill in the blank: The hypothalamic hormone _______ is crucial for promoting lactation by stimulating prolactin release.
Prolactin-releasing hormone (PRH)
Which hormone acts as a feedback inhibitor to control the release of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)?
Estrogen and testosterone
What type of feedback mechanism primarily regulates hormone release from the anterior pituitary?
Negative feedback
True or False: The hypothalamus secretes hormones into the posterior pituitary gland.
False
Name the hypothalamic hormone that has an antagonistic effect to prolactin.
Dopamine
What effect does growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) have on the anterior pituitary?
It stimulates the secretion of growth hormone (GH).
Which hypothalamic hormone is involved in regulating stress response?
Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)
Fill in the blank: The hypothalamus releases _______ to stimulate the anterior pituitary to produce TSH.
Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)
What is the primary role of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)?
To stimulate the release of FSH and LH from the anterior pituitary.
True or False: All hormones sent to the anterior pituitary are stimulatory.
False
What is the function of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)?
To stimulate the thyroid gland to produce thyroid hormones.
Which hormone is released by the hypothalamus to help regulate metabolism?
Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)
What is the primary function of the hypothalamus in relation to the posterior pituitary gland?
The hypothalamus produces hormones that are stored and released by the posterior pituitary gland.
Name one hormone that the hypothalamus sends to the posterior pituitary gland.
Oxytocin.
True or False: The posterior pituitary gland produces its own hormones.
False.
What is the other major hormone released by the posterior pituitary gland, besides oxytocin?
Vasopressin (also known as Antidiuretic Hormone, ADH).
Fill in the blank: The hypothalamus communicates with the posterior pituitary gland via _______.
Neurosecretory cells.
What triggers the release of oxytocin from the posterior pituitary gland?
Stimuli such as childbirth and breastfeeding.
What is the primary role of vasopressin in the body?
To regulate water balance by controlling the amount of water reabsorbed by the kidneys.
True or False: Oxytocin is involved in social bonding and emotional responses.
True.
What effect does vasopressin have on blood vessels?
It causes vasoconstriction, increasing blood pressure.
Multiple Choice: Which hormone is primarily involved in facilitating uterine contractions during labor? A) Vasopressin B) Oxytocin C) Cortisol
B) Oxytocin.
Short Answer: How are oxytocin and vasopressin synthesized?
They are synthesized in the hypothalamus.
What is the role of neurosecretory cells in the hypothalamus?
They transport hormones to the posterior pituitary gland for storage and release.
Fill in the blank: Oxytocin is often referred to as the ‘______ hormone’ due to its role in bonding.
Love.
True or False: Both oxytocin and vasopressin are peptides.
True.
What physiological response is triggered by the release of vasopressin?
Increased water reabsorption in the kidneys.
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a function of oxytocin? A) Milk ejection B) Social bonding C) Blood pressure regulation
C) Blood pressure regulation.
Short Answer: What condition can result from a deficiency of vasopressin?
Diabetes insipidus.
What feedback mechanism regulates the release of oxytocin during childbirth?
Positive feedback.
Fill in the blank: Vasopressin is also known as _______.
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH).
True or False: Oxytocin has a role in promoting maternal behaviors.
True.
What is the effect of stress on the release of vasopressin?
Stress can increase the release of vasopressin.
Multiple Choice: Which hormone is primarily responsible for reducing urine output? A) Cortisol B) Vasopressin C) Insulin
B) Vasopressin.
What role does oxytocin play in lactation?
It stimulates milk ejection from the mammary glands.
Fill in the blank: The hypothalamus and posterior pituitary gland are part of the _______ system.
Endocrine.
