chem Flashcards
What does electronegativity measure?
An atoms tendency to attract and form bonds with electrons.
From left to right across a period of elements, electronegativity
increases
From top to bottom, down a group, electronegativity
decreases
Why does electronegativity decrease as it goes down a group?
Because atomic number increases and thus there is an increased distance between the valence electrons and the nucleus
From right to left, atomic radius
increases
From top to bottom, atomic radius
increases
For a compound to exhibit cis-trans isomerism, two key requirements must be met:
1) restricted rotation around a double bond
2) two different groups attached to each carbon at the double bond
Primary amines
-have an NH2 and the end of a carbon chain
-have 1 carbon bound to the nitrogen
Secondary amines
have an NH group
have 2 carbons bound to nitrogen
Tertiary amines
-have no hydrogens bound to the nitrogen
-have 3 carbons bound to the nitrogen
What organic compound carries out the most addition reactions
alkenes
What organic compound carries out substitution reactions?
Organic compounds with a single bond: alkanes
The heat of formation of an element is always
zero
Rank the relative strength of the 4 intermolecular forces:
Ionic > Hydrogen bonding > dipole dipole > van der waals dispersion
As the number of carbons increase, boiling point,
Increases
As the number of branching increases, boiling point
decreases
As the molecular weight increases, the boiling point
increase
Bronsted lowry base
accepts protons
Bronsted lowry acid
donates protons
In aqueous solutions, aliphatic amines act as Bronsted-Lowry
Bases
Aldehydes and ketones react with primary amines to yield
imines
What is a test cross
a genetic cross where an organism displaying a dominant phenotype (but with an unknown genotype) is bred with a homozygous recessive organism to determine whether the organism is homozygous or heterozygous for the trait in question.
