cells Flashcards
What is the primary function of the nucleus in a eukaryotic cell?
The nucleus houses the cell’s genetic material and controls cellular activities.
True or False: Mitochondria are known as the powerhouse of the cell.
True
Fill in the blank: The _____ is responsible for protein synthesis in eukaryotic cells.
ribosome
Which organelle is involved in the modification and packaging of proteins?
Golgi apparatus
What is the function of lysosomes?
Lysosomes contain enzymes that break down waste materials and cellular debris.
Multiple Choice: Which organelle is responsible for photosynthesis in plant cells?
A) Mitochondria
B) Chloroplast
C) Endoplasmic Reticulum
D) Golgi Apparatus
B) Chloroplast
What structure surrounds the eukaryotic cell and controls the movement of substances in and out?
Cell membrane
True or False: The endoplasmic reticulum is involved in lipid synthesis.
True
Fill in the blank: The _____ is a network of protein filaments that helps the cell maintain its shape.
cytoskeleton
What role do peroxisomes play in eukaryotic cells?
Peroxisomes break down fatty acids and detoxify harmful substances.
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?
A) Lipid synthesis
B) Protein synthesis
C) Detoxification
D) Calcium storage
B) Protein synthesis
What is the function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?
The rough endoplasmic reticulum is involved in the synthesis and processing of proteins.
True or False: Ribosomes can be found floating freely in the cytoplasm or attached to the endoplasmic reticulum.
True
Fill in the blank: The _____ is the site of ATP production in the cell.
mitochondria
What is the primary function of the cell wall in plant cells?
The cell wall provides structure and protection to the plant cell.
Multiple Choice: Which organelle is responsible for the degradation of cellular waste?
A) Nucleus
B) Lysosome
C) Ribosome
D) Chloroplast
B) Lysosome
What is the role of vacuoles in eukaryotic cells?
Vacuoles store nutrients, waste products, and help maintain turgor pressure in plant cells.
True or False: Chloroplasts are found in both plant and animal cells.
False
Fill in the blank: The _____ is a double-membrane organelle that contains its own DNA and is involved in energy production.
mitochondrion
What is the function of the cytoplasm?
The cytoplasm is the gel-like substance within the cell where organelles are suspended and metabolic processes occur.
Multiple Choice: Which organelle is primarily involved in detoxifying harmful substances?
A) Mitochondria
B) Peroxisomes
C) Golgi apparatus
D) Ribosome
B) Peroxisomes
True or False: The Golgi apparatus is responsible for synthesizing lipids.
False
What is the primary function of the nucleolus?
The nucleolus is responsible for ribosomal RNA (rRNA) synthesis and ribosome assembly.
Fill in the blank: The _____ is a membrane-bound organelle that contains digestive enzymes.
lysosome
Multiple Choice: Which component of the cytoskeleton is responsible for cell movement?
A) Microtubules
B) Intermediate filaments
C) Actin filaments
D) All of the above
D) All of the above
For actively dividing cells, the cell cycle consists of 4 stages:
G1, S, G2, M
Cells that do not divide spend all their time in an offshoot of G1 called
G0
What happens during the G0 phase?
the cell is simply living and serving a function, without an preparation for division
g1, s, and g2 are collectively known as
interphase
What happened during the g1 stage? (Presynthetic gap?)
the cells create organelles for energy and protein production, while also increasing their size
What happens during the s phase
synthesis of DNA; the cell replicates its genetic material so that each daughter will have identical copies.
During the S phase, what happens after replication of genetic material?
each chromosome consists of 2 identical chromatids that are bound together at a specialized region known as the centromere.
What happens during the G2 stage?
its the postsynthetic gap; the cell passes through another quality control checkpoint. DNA has been duplicated, and the cells check to ensure that there are enough organelles and cytoplasm to divide between 2 daughter cells.
What happens during the M stage?
consists of mitosis itself along with cytokinesis,
mitosis is divided into 4 phases:
prophase
metaphase
anaphase
cytokinesis
What is cytokinesis?
the splitting of the cytoplasm and organelles into 2 daughter cells
The term chromosome may be used to refer to either:
A single chromatid before the s phase or the pair of chromatids attached at the centromere after S phase
prophase
the DNA strands condense to form visible chromosomes, spindles form
metaphase
chromosomes line up on the central axis of the dividing cell and become attached to the spindle fiber
anaphase
sister chromatids separate
telophase
final stage of mitosis/meiosis during which the chromosomes uncoil, nuclear membranes reform, and cytokinesis occurs.
What does FH and LH do in males sexual development?
FSH-stimulates Sertoli cells and triggers sperm maturation
LH- causes interstitial cells to produce testosterone
Estrogen
is secreted in response to FSH, and they result in the development and maintenance of the female reproductive system and female secondary sexual characteristics.
Progesterone is secreted by the —– in response to ——
Progesterone is secreted by the corpus luteum in response to LH
the menstrual cycle can be divided into 4 events
1) follicular phase
2) ovulation
3) luteal phase
4) menstruation
