Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

NYCC Cell Physiology > Endocrine > Flashcards

Endocrine Flashcards

1
Q

Endocrine signalling

A

Secreted by glands into capillary and has target organs reached by blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Neuroendocrine signalling

A

Secreted by nerves into capillary and has target organ reached by blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Neurotransmitters

A

Released by axon terminals of neurons into synaptic junctions, act locally

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Paracrine signalling

A

Secreted by cells into Extracellular fluid and effects neighbouring cells of a different type

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Autocrine signalling

A

Secreted by cells into Extracellular fluid and affect function of same cells that produce them

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Proteins & polypeptide endocrine molecule structure

A

Contains 2 amino acids and stored in secretory vesicles until needed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Protein & polypeptide endocrine molecule function by…

A
  • Bind to cell surface receptors and work through G reactive type proteins
  • about 75% of SMAs transduced with G-protein coupled receptors
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Steroid endocrine molecule structure

A
  • Made from cholesterol, lipid soluble
  • needs transport plasma protein to travel through the blood
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Steroid endocrine hormones are produced and secreted from…

A

Adrenal cortex, ovaries, testes, placenta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Steroid hormones function

A

Signalling occurs through binding to cytoplasmic or nuclear receptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Derivatives of tyrosine are made in…

A

Thyroid and adrenal medulla

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Thyroid hormones are secreted by the ____

A

Thyroid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

T4 is ____

A

Thyroxine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

T3 is ____

A

Triiodothyronine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

T4 comprises ____ of thyroid hormones

A

97%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

T3 comprises ____ of thyroid hormones

A

3%

17
Q

T4 is active/inactive?

A

Inactive

18
Q

T3 is active/inactive?

A

Active

19
Q

Biochemically, amino acid derivatives function like ____

A

Steroid

20
Q

Tyrosine derivatives made in the adrenal medulla are termed ____

A

Catecholamines

21
Q

Name the catecholamines

A

Dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine

22
Q

Catecholamines function like ____

A

Polypeptide hormones

23
Q

Name the steps of G-Reactive protein function

A
  1. Opens a membrane channel for a specific ion
  2. Activates cAMP or cGMP
  3. Activates enzymes
  4. Activates gene transcription
24
Q

What happens when G-reactive proteins open an ion-specific channel?

A

Keeps it open for a longer period of time than is generally seen with a typical ligand-gated channel

25
Q

What happens when cAMP or cGMP is activated?

A

Stimulates specific metabolic machinery in the neuron

26
Q

What happens when enzymes are activated?

A

Initiates biochemical reactions in target cell

27
Q

What happens when gene transcription is activated?

A

Gene transcription & protein synthesis May alter metabolism or morphology of cell

28
Q

Types of polypeptide growth factors

A

Mitogens
Trophic factors
Chemoattractants

29
Q

Function of mitogens

A

Stimulate cell proliferation (mitosis)

30
Q

Function of trophic factors

A

Growth & survival

31
Q

Function of chemoattractants

A

Gradient for mobile (WBC) cells (inflammation)

32
Q

Histamine and nitric oxide are ____

A

Amines

33
Q

Histamine location

A
  • made by mast cells with IgE molecules on surface
  • located in CT of bronchi & intestines
34
Q

How does histamine work?

A
  1. Allergen causes cross links to form between IgE molecules, Ca enters cell —> histamine released
  2. Binds to either H1 or H2 receptor
35
Q

What happens when H1 histamine receptor is activated?

A

A. Causes venules to vasodilate —> increases tissue swelling & WBC infiltration into tissue
B. Causes release of hypothalamic releasing factors —> increase release of anterior pituitary hormone

36
Q

What happens when H2 histamine receptor is activated?

A

Causes release of stomach acid from parietal cells in stomach

37
Q

Nitric Oxide (NO) works as a…

A

Localized negative feedback to vasoconstriction

38
Q

Describe how Nitric Oxide (NO) works

A
  1. Arteriole constricts due to E or NE
  2. Causes release of ACh by endothelial cells, increases Ca influx to endothelial cells
  3. Turns on enzyme: NO-synthase, converts arginine to citrulline and releases NO
  4. NO diffuses to smooth muscle cells
  5. Stimulates smooth muscle light chain phosphatase —> vasodilation

NYCC Cell Physiology (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions