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NYCC Cell Physiology > Cell Membrane Transport > Flashcards

Cell Membrane Transport Flashcards

1
Q

Lipid bilayer consists of ____ and ____

A

Polar (hydrophilic) heads
Hydrocarbon fatty acid (hydrophobic) tails

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2
Q

Most common lipid in cell membrane

A

Phospholipids

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3
Q

Simple diffusion - Water soluble
Occurs through…

A

Through pore or gated ion channel

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4
Q

Simple diffusion - Lipid soluble
Substance

A

CO2, O2, ethanol, lipid soluble substances

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5
Q

Location of lipid soluble diffusion

A

All cells

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6
Q

Simple diffusion - lipid soluble
Occurs through…

A

Through lipid bilayer

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7
Q

Simple diffusion - water soluble
Substances

A

Water & ions

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8
Q

Location of water soluble simple diffusion

A

All cells, nerve cells

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9
Q

Function of cholesterol in cell membrane

A

Makes membrane less fluid

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10
Q

Glycolipids location

A

Only on outside of cell

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11
Q

Function of proteins in cell membrane

A

Responsible for membrane function

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12
Q

Types of membrane proteins

A

Integral & peripheral

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13
Q

Simple diffusion, osmosis and facilitated diffusion are examples of ____

A

Passive transport

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14
Q

What is passive transport?

A

Substances move with concentration gradient

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15
Q

What is active transport?

A

Substances move against concentration gradient

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16
Q

Diffusion is proportional to ____, ____, ____

A

Surface area
Concentration gradient
Number and size of openings

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17
Q

____ surface area will increase diffusion

A

Higher

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18
Q

____ number & size of openings will increase diffusion

A

Increased

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19
Q

2 types of diffusion

A

Simple
Facilitated

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20
Q

Simple diffusion =

A

No carrier protein

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21
Q

Facilitated diffusion =

A

Requires carrier protein

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22
Q

Facilitated diffusion - Glucose transporters

A

Glut 1: one way
Glut 2: both ways
Glut 4: one way
SGlut1: Sodium symport

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23
Q

Glut 1 transporter - insulin

A

Insulin independent

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24
Q

Glut 2 transporter - insulin

A

Insulin independent

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25
Q

Glut 4 transporter - insulin

A

Insulin dependent

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26
Q

SGlut1 transporter - insulin

A

Insulin independent

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27
Q

Glut 1 - location

A

Brain & RBC

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28
Q

Glut 2 location

A

Liver

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29
Q

Glut 4 location

A

Muscle & adipose

30
Q

SGlut1 location

A

GI tract & kidney

31
Q

Which glucose transporter goes both ways?

A

Glut 2

32
Q

Which glucose transporter is insulin dependent?

A

Glut 4

33
Q

Define osmosis

A

Movement of water from area of low to higher solute concentration

34
Q

____ are perfect osmometers

A

RBCs

35
Q

Osmosis depends on ____ not ____ of particles

A

Number, not size

36
Q

osmosis

Glucose - number of particles

A

1 particle

37
Q

osmosis

Albumin - number of particles

A

1 particle

38
Q

osmosis

NaCl - number of particles

A

2 particles

39
Q

CaCl2 - number of particles

A

3 particles

40
Q

Osmosis calculation

A

Calculated out by using osmotic pressure:
Number of particles x molar concentration

41
Q

osmosis

Isotonic solution - RBC

A

RBC stays the same size

42
Q

osmosis

Hypotonic solution - RBC

A

RBC swells & bursts (lyses)

43
Q

osmosis

Hypertonic solution - RBC

A

RBC shrinks (crenate)

44
Q

Why is facilitated diffusion similar to active transport?

A

Requires a transporter so has similar kinetics to active transport

45
Q

Primary active transport pumps

A

Na/K ATPase pump
Ca pump
H ion pump (proton pump)

46
Q

Primary active transport contains…

A

ATPase in the transporter

47
Q

2 types of Secondary active transport

A
  • Symport/co-transport (with another molecule)
  • anti-port/counter transport (against another molecule)
48
Q

Na/K ATPase pump

Function

A

Maintain/re-establish RMP
- 3 Na out
- 2 K in

49
Q

Na/K ATPase pump

Location

A
  • all cell membranes (maintains volume)
  • nerve/skeletal muscle & heart muscle (maintain RMP)
50
Q

calcium pump

Function

A

Pump Ca out of cytoplasm (sarcoplasm) into SR or ECF

51
Q

calcium pump

Location

A

Cell membrane of nerve & muscle
Membrane of SR

52
Q

H+ (proton) pump

Function

A
  • decrease pH of stomach
  • decrease pH of urine
53
Q

H+ (proton) pump

Location

A

Parietal cells (stomach)
Distal convoluted tubule of kidney (intercalated discs)

54
Q

Co-transport

Function

A

move Na+glucose or Na+amino acids out of cell into blood

55
Q

Co-transport

Location

A

small intestine (jejunum)
Proximal convoluted tubule of kidney

56
Q

Counter-transport/anti-port

Function

A
  • Na pumped into cell, Ca pumped out
  • Na pumped into cell, H pumped out of cell into urine
57
Q

counter-transport/anti-port

Na/Ca - location

A

Most cells
T tubules of heart

58
Q

counter-transport/anti-port

Na/H - location

A

Proximal convoluted tubule (kidney)

59
Q

Differentiate primary & secondary active transport

A

Both require energy
Primary has ATP in pump

60
Q

types of endocytosis

A

pinocytosis
phagocytosis
receptor mediated

61
Q

types of exocytosis

A

constitutive
regulated

62
Q

describe pinocytosis

A

cell drinking
requires actin

63
Q

describe phagocytosis

A

cell eating
requires ATP
requires actin

64
Q

describe receptor mediated endocytosis

A

requires receptor and Clathrin coated pits

65
Q

describe consitutive exocytosis

A

golgi apparatus to vesicles

66
Q

describe regulated exocytosis

A

from clathrin coated pits

67
Q

pinocytosis cell types

A

all cells

68
Q

phagocytosis cell types

A

ONLY neutrophils & macrophages

69
Q

examples of receptor mediated endocytosis

A
  • LDL receptor in liver
  • reuptake of NTs by presynaptic membrane
70
Q

constitutive exocytosis examples

A

cell membrane constituents,
collagen & elastin

71
Q

example of regulated exocytosis

A

mechanism for hormone & NT release

NYCC Cell Physiology (11 decks)

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