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NYCC Cell Physiology > Cell Membrane Transport > Flashcards

Cell Membrane Transport Flashcards

1
Q

Lipid bilayer consists of ____ and ____

A

Polar (hydrophilic) heads
Hydrocarbon fatty acid (hydrophobic) tails

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2
Q

Most common lipid in cell membrane

A

Phospholipids

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3
Q

Simple diffusion - Water soluble
Occurs through…

A

Through pore or gated ion channel

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4
Q

Simple diffusion - Lipid soluble
Substance

A

CO2, O2, ethanol, lipid soluble substances

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5
Q

Location of lipid soluble diffusion

A

All cells

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6
Q

Simple diffusion - lipid soluble
Occurs through…

A

Through lipid bilayer

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7
Q

Simple diffusion - water soluble
Substances

A

Water & ions

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8
Q

Location of water soluble simple diffusion

A

All cells, nerve cells

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9
Q

Function of cholesterol in cell membrane

A

Makes membrane less fluid

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10
Q

Glycolipids location

A

Only on outside of cell

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11
Q

Function of proteins in cell membrane

A

Responsible for membrane function

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12
Q

Types of membrane proteins

A

Integral & peripheral

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13
Q

Simple diffusion, osmosis and facilitated diffusion are examples of ____

A

Passive transport

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14
Q

What is passive transport?

A

Substances move with concentration gradient

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15
Q

What is active transport?

A

Substances move against concentration gradient

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16
Q

Diffusion is proportional to ____, ____, ____

A

Surface area
Concentration gradient
Number and size of openings

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17
Q

____ surface area will increase diffusion

A

Higher

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18
Q

____ number & size of openings will increase diffusion

A

Increased

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19
Q

2 types of diffusion

A

Simple
Facilitated

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20
Q

Simple diffusion =

A

No carrier protein

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21
Q

Facilitated diffusion =

A

Requires carrier protein

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22
Q

Facilitated diffusion - Glucose transporters

A

Glut 1: one way
Glut 2: both ways
Glut 4: one way
SGlut1: Sodium symport

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23
Q

Glut 1 transporter - insulin

A

Insulin independent

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24
Q

Glut 2 transporter - insulin

A

Insulin independent

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25
Glut 4 transporter - insulin
Insulin dependent
26
SGlut1 transporter - insulin
Insulin independent
27
Glut 1 - location
Brain & RBC
28
Glut 2 location
Liver
29
Glut 4 location
Muscle & adipose
30
SGlut1 location
GI tract & kidney
31
Which glucose transporter goes both ways?
Glut 2
32
Which glucose transporter is insulin dependent?
Glut 4
33
Define osmosis
Movement of water from area of low to higher solute concentration
34
____ are perfect osmometers
RBCs
35
Osmosis depends on ____ not ____ of particles
Number, not size
36
# osmosis Glucose - number of particles
1 particle
37
# osmosis Albumin - number of particles
1 particle
38
# osmosis NaCl - number of particles
2 particles
39
CaCl2 - number of particles
3 particles
40
Osmosis calculation
Calculated out by using osmotic pressure: Number of particles x molar concentration
41
# osmosis Isotonic solution - RBC
RBC stays the same size
42
# osmosis Hypotonic solution - RBC
RBC swells & bursts (lyses)
43
# osmosis Hypertonic solution - RBC
RBC shrinks (crenate)
44
Why is facilitated diffusion similar to active transport?
Requires a transporter so has similar kinetics to active transport
45
Primary active transport pumps
Na/K ATPase pump Ca pump H ion pump (proton pump)
46
Primary active transport contains…
ATPase in the transporter
47
2 types of Secondary active transport
- Symport/co-transport (with another molecule) - anti-port/counter transport (against another molecule)
48
# Na/K ATPase pump Function
Maintain/re-establish RMP - 3 Na out - 2 K in
49
# Na/K ATPase pump Location
- all cell membranes (maintains volume) - nerve/skeletal muscle & heart muscle (maintain RMP)
50
# calcium pump Function
Pump Ca out of cytoplasm (sarcoplasm) into SR or ECF
51
# calcium pump Location
Cell membrane of nerve & muscle Membrane of SR
52
# H+ (proton) pump Function
- decrease pH of stomach - decrease pH of urine
53
# H+ (proton) pump Location
Parietal cells (stomach) Distal convoluted tubule of kidney (intercalated discs)
54
# Co-transport Function
move Na+glucose or Na+amino acids out of cell into blood
55
# Co-transport Location
small intestine (jejunum) Proximal convoluted tubule of kidney
56
# Counter-transport/anti-port Function
- Na pumped into cell, Ca pumped out - Na pumped into cell, H pumped out of cell into urine
57
# counter-transport/anti-port Na/Ca - location
Most cells T tubules of heart
58
# counter-transport/anti-port Na/H - location
Proximal convoluted tubule (kidney)
59
Differentiate primary & secondary active transport
Both require energy Primary has ATP in pump
60
types of endocytosis
pinocytosis phagocytosis receptor mediated
61
types of exocytosis
constitutive regulated
62
describe pinocytosis
cell drinking requires actin
63
describe phagocytosis
cell eating requires ATP requires actin
64
describe receptor mediated endocytosis
requires receptor and Clathrin coated pits
65
describe consitutive exocytosis
golgi apparatus to vesicles
66
describe regulated exocytosis
from clathrin coated pits
67
pinocytosis cell types
all cells
68
phagocytosis cell types
ONLY neutrophils & macrophages
69
examples of receptor mediated endocytosis
- LDL receptor in liver - reuptake of NTs by presynaptic membrane
70
constitutive exocytosis examples
cell membrane constituents, collagen & elastin
71
example of regulated exocytosis
mechanism for hormone & NT release

NYCC Cell Physiology (11 decks)

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