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Biology > Endocrine > Flashcards

Endocrine Flashcards

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1
Q

If glucose is present in urine, what potential endocrine disease would an individual have

A

Diabetes Millitus

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2
Q

What are some symptoms of Diabetes Mellitus

A

Person is thirsty, must urinate frequently and is fatigued

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3
Q

What are some symptoms of Diabetes Insipidus

A

production of large volumes of dilute, pale urine, has dry skin

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4
Q

What endocrine disease is connected to Sodium present in an individual’s urine

A

Addison’s Disease

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5
Q

What is the pathway of Human Growth Hormone

A

Anterior Pituitary Gland> hGH > throughout the body

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6
Q

What is the function of thyroxine

A

Increases metabolism

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7
Q

How are Hormone Levels regulated

A

NegativeFeed Back

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8
Q

What is the endocrine system run by

A

Negative Feedback loops

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9
Q

What is the difference between negative feedback and positive feedback

A

Negative feedback: used to regulate body systems

Positive Feedback: Used to accomplish something at a rapid pace (e.g. Labour and Birth, hormones make contraction continue to happen until birth is accomplished.)

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10
Q

What hormones are produced by the post pituitary gland

A

Oxytocin and ADH

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11
Q

What hormones does the thyroid produce?

A

thyroxine and calcitonin

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12
Q

what hormones does the parathyroid produce

A

parathyroid hormone

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13
Q

what is the pathway of the short-term response hormone

A

Stress (Short-Term) >stimulus<
|
Hypothalamus
| >via nervous system<
Adrenal Medulla
|
release of epinephrine/norepinephrine
|
Sympathetic Response (flight/fight)

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14
Q

What is the pathway of the long term stress response of cortisol

A

Hypothalamus
| >releasing factors<
Ant Pit Gland
|
Release of ACTH (tropic)
|
Adrenal Cortex
|
Cortisol released
|
Increased Blood Glucose

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15
Q

What is the target for negative feedback during cortisol pathway

A

Increased Blood Glucose > Hypothalamus and Ant Pit Gland

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16
Q

Pathway for Aldosterone

A

Long-Term Stress
|
Hypothalamus
| (releasing factors)
Release of ACTH
|
Adrenal cortex
|
Aldosterone
|
Increase in Na+ blood
(indirectly increases h2o reabsorption)
|
Increases Blood Pressure

17
Q

What is the negative feedback target for the aldosterone pathway

A

Hypothalamus

18
Q

What is the function of Aldosterone

A

Increases Blood Sodium Levels and indirectly increases Water reabsorption (solution follows solute)

Increases Blood Pressure

19
Q

What is the function of Cortisol

A

Increases Blood Glucose Levels

promotes breakdown of amino acids to glucose sugar

20
Q

What is the function of epinephrine

A

increases heart rate, breathing, blood flow, blood glucose levels, redirects blood floe to brain and muscles.

21
Q

What are health risks of Long term Cortisol production

A

Impaired thinking, increased blood sugar, increased risk of diabetes and infection

22
Q

What is the Pathway of Calcitonin

A

Increased Calcium Blood/
Low Bone Calcium
|
Thyroid Gland
|
Calcitonin
|
Calcium blood levels decrease
Calcium Bone levels increase

23
Q

What is addison’s disease

A

Damage to the adrenal cortex = not enough cortisol or aldosterone produced

24
Q

What are the symptoms of Addison’s Disease

A

Low blood sugar, Ion imbalances, Low blood pressure, Rapid Weight Loss, General Weakness, Urine output is high, sodium in urine, person craves salt

25
Q

What is the function of the Liver in the Endocrine System

A

breaks down glycogen into glucose
stores glucose in the form of glycogen

26
Q

What are the glands of the endocrine system

A

Thyroid, Parathyroid, Pancreas, Adrenal Glands, Hypothalamus, Pituitary

27
Q

Pathway of Insulin

A

Increased Blood sugar
|
Pancreas
|
Insulin Release
|
Body cells become more
permeable to glucose
(glucose -> glycogen)
|
Decrease in Glucose
in blood

28
Q

Pathway of Glucagon

A

Decrease in blood glucose
|
Pancreas
|
Glucagon
|
Liver breaks down
glycogen inti glucose
|
Increase blood glucose

29
Q

Function of Insulin

A

decrease sugar in blood

30
Q

Function of Glucagon

A

Increases Blood Sugar levels

31
Q

Thyroxine Pathway

A

Hypothalamus
|
Anterior Pituitary
|
TSH
|
Thyroid
|
Thyroxine
|
Increases Rate
of metabolism

32
Q

What is the target of Negative feedback after Thyroxine increase metabolism

A

Hypothalamus and Anterior Pituitary

33
Q

What is the difference between Type 1 Diabetes vs Type 2

A

Type 1: Beta Cells of Pancreas are attacked by immune system, results in decrease of insulin production

Type 2: Cell receptors stop responding to Insulin OR beta cells produce less insulin

34
Q

what is the function of the endocrine system

A

to maintain homrostasis

Biology (8 decks)

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