Endocrine

Question 1

negative feedback

Answer 1

the primary mechanism through which the endocrine system maintains homeostasis

-secretion of a specific hormone is turned on or off by sepcific physiological changes

Question 2

hypothalamus

Answer 2

major link between nervous and endocrine systems- master gland

Question 3

parts of the pituitary

Answer 3

1. posterior: storage
2. anterior: active part of endocrine system

Question 4

why is the hypothalamus so important

Answer 4

1. synthesizes and secretes regulatory hormones
   releasing hormones: stimulatre release of ant pit hormones
   release inhibitory hormones: inhibit release of ant pit horm
2. directs pitutary gland “hypophysis”
3. syntehsizes 2 hormones that are stores in the posterior pit:
   -oxytocin
   - vasporessin s

Question 5

pituitary disorders

Answer 5

results in too much OR too little hormones release

Question 6

hyperpituitarism

Answer 6

-acromegaly/gigantism= increase in GH
-cushings= increase in cortisol

Question 7

hypopituitarism

Answer 7

-diabetes inspidides = decreased vasopressin

Question 8

gigantism

Answer 8

-excessive secretion of GH in children
-epiphyseal plate not yet closed

Question 9

acromegaly

Answer 9

-excessive secretion of GH ina dults
-slow but continues

Question 10

posterior pituitary

Answer 10

stores release 2 hormones:
1. ADH/vasopression
2. oxytocin

Question 11

vasopressin/ADH

Answer 11

-regulates blood volunea nd salt concentration
-cells of supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei are osmoreceptors

Question 12

when does the posterior pituitary secrete ADH

Answer 12

in response to:
1. reduced blood volume, baroreceptors sense low BP
2. increased plasma osmotic pressure: osmoreceptors in hypothalamus sense increased solute in blood

Question 13

what is DI characterized by

Answer 13

-excretion of large volume of urine and excessive thirst and increased appeittie

Question 14

causes of DI

Answer 14

1. posterior pit doesnt secrete ADH
2. insensitiivy of kidney to ADH

Question 15

diagnosis of DI

Answer 15

-NO hyperglycemia
-dilute urine
- blood test: hypernatremia and increased plamsa osmality

Question 16

common s/s of DI

Answer 16

polydispia
polyuria
polyphgia

Question 17

adrenal hyperfunctino disorders

Answer 17

• cushings
  -hyperaldoesteronism/ conns
  -pheochromocytoma

Question 18

hypofunction of adnreal

Answer 18

-hypoaldosteronism
addison

Question 19

as cortisol syntehsis increases, what happens to CRH production

Answer 19

negaitve feedback loop so CRH should go down and ACTH will also decrease
-depending where the dysfunction is or if adrenal/kdiney issues, it can cause hyperrelease of cortisol so the others dont matter

Question 20

cortisol function

Answer 20

-counter regulatory to insluin
-promotes hyperglycemia
-decreases bone formation and Ca absorption
-acts as diuretic
- influences immune function

Question 21

cortisol role in osteoporosis

Answer 21

loss of osteoblastic function