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SHF 204 Systemic conditions > Endocrine > Flashcards

Endocrine Flashcards

1
Q

PMR

A
  • Inflammatory disorder that causes muscle P and stiffness, especially in shoulders, neck and hips
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2
Q

PMR cause

A
  • Unknown
  • Genetics- certain genes and gene variations can inc susceptibility
  • Enviro exposure- virus may act as trigger
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3
Q

PMR population

A

65+

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4
Q

PMR risks

A
  • Age- 70-80
  • Women 2-3x
  • Race- northern European or Scandinavian
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5
Q

PMR S+S

A
  • Usually bilateral
  • Aches/P in shoulders, hip and neck
  • Stiffness particularly in morning/after period of inactivity
  • Mild fever
  • Fatigue
  • Unintended weight loss
  • Depression
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6
Q

PMR prognosis

A
  • Most eventually recover entirely from the disease or within 5 years
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7
Q

Vestibulocochlear function

A

CN8
Transmits sound and balance info from inner ear to brain

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8
Q

Olfactory function

A

CN1 Sense of smell

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9
Q

Glossopharyngeal function

A

CN12
provides motor, parasympathetic and sensory info to mouth and throat, enables swallowing

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10
Q

Otitis extrena

A
  • Infection of outer ear canal, which runs from eardrum to outside of head
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11
Q

Otitis extrena cause

A
  • Usually caused by bacteria
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12
Q

Otitis extrena risks

A
  • Excessive moisture in ear canal
  • Exposure to high bacteria levels
  • Cleaning ear canal (e.g., with cotton swabs
  • Ear devices (e.g., ear buds, hearing aids)
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13
Q

Otitis extrena S+S

A
  • Usually mild unless not treated
  • Mild- itching in ear canal, redness inside ear, mild discomfort that’s made worse by pulling on outer ear, some drainage of clear, odourless fluid
  • Moderate- more-intense itching, inc P, more-extensive redness, excessive fluid damage, decreased or muffled hearing, feeling of fullness in ear
  • Advanced- severe P that may radiate to your face or neck, complete blockage of ear canal, redness or swelling of outer ear, swelling in lymph node in neck, fever
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14
Q

Otitis extrena prognosis

A
  • Usually treated with ear drops
  • Prompt treatment can prevent complications and more serious infections
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15
Q

Otitis media

A
  • Infection of the middle ear
  • Air-filled space behind eardrum that contains vibrating bones in ear
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16
Q

Otitis media cause

A
  • Bacteria or virus
  • Often results from another illness- e.g., cold, flu or allergy- that causes congestion and swelling in nasal passages, throat and eustachian (narrow tubes that run from middle ear to high in back of throat
17
Q

Otitis media population

A

Children

18
Q

Otitis media risks

A
  • Age- children between 6 months and 2 years
  • Infant feeding
  • Seasonal factors
  • Poor air quality
  • Cleft palate- difference in bone structure and muscles in children, makes it more difficult for eustachian tube to drain
19
Q

Otitis media S+S children

A
  • Onset usually rapid
  • Children
    o Ear P, especially when lying down
    o Trouble sleeping
    o Trouble hearing or responding to sounds
    o Loss of balance
    o Drainage of fluid from ear
    o Headache
20
Q

Otitis media S+S adults

A

o Ear P
o Drainage of fluid from ear
o Trouble hearing

21
Q

Otitis media prognosis

A
  • Often clear up on own
  • Treatment may begin with managing P and monitoring problem
  • Sometimes ABs used to clear infection
22
Q

Ramsay hunt syndrome

A
  • Occurs when shingles outbreak affects facial nerve near one of your ears
23
Q

Ramsay hunt syndrome cause

A
  • Varicella-zoster virus which causes chickenpox
  • After chicken pox clears up, virus still lived in nerves
  • Years later, it may be reactive
  • When it does, facial nerves are affected
24
Q

Ramsay hunt syndrome population

A
  • More common in adults older than 60
  • Rare in children
25
Q

Ramsay hunt syndrome risks

A
  • Isn’t contagious
  • Can be serious in people with immune problems
  • Until rash blisters scab over, avoid physical contact with
    1. Anyone who has never had chickenpox/vaccine
    2. Weak immune system
    3. New-borns
    4. Pregnant women
26
Q

Ramsay hunt syndrome S+S

A
  • Two main symptoms
    1. Painful red rash with fluid-filled blisters on/in around ear
    2. Facial weakness or paralysis on same side as affected ear
  • Usually occur at same time
  • Ear P
  • Hearing loss
  • Tinnitus
  • Difficulty closing one eye
  • Change in taste perception
27
Q

Ramsay hunt syndrome prognosis

A
  • Can cause facial paralysis and hearing loss in affected ear
  • prompt treatment can reduce risk of complications, which can include permanent facial muscle weakness and deafness
28
Q

Ear drum perforation infection

A
  • Aka ruptured ear drum
  • Hole or tear in thin tissue that separates ear canal from middle ear
29
Q

Ear drum perforation infection cause

A
  • Otitis media- often results from accumulation of fluids in middle of ear. Pressure from these fluids can cause eardrum to rupture
  • Barotrauma- stress extended on ear drum when air pressure in middle ear and air pressure in enviro are not equal, if pressure is severe rupture can happen
  • Acoustic trauma/loud sound
  • Foreign objects in ear
  • Severe head trauma
30
Q

Ear drum perforation infection risk

A
  • Head trauma
  • Loud music
  • Changes in pressure- e.g., from flying
31
Q

Ear drum perforation infection S+S

A
  • Ear P that may subside suddenly
  • Mucus like, pus-filled or bloody drainage of ear
  • Hearing loss
  • Tinnitus
  • Vertigo
  • Nausea or vomiting as result of vertigo
32
Q

Ear drum perforation infection prognosis

A
  • Can result in hearing loss
  • Makes middle ear vulnerable to infection- due to bacteria easily being able to enter
  • Usually heals within few weeks without treatment, sometimes requires a patch or surgical repair
33
Q

Hypothyroid disease

A

Happens when thyroid gland doesn’t make enough thyroid hormone

34
Q

Hypothyroid S+S

A

Depends on severity
Fatigue
Constipation
Dry skin, inc sensitivity to cold
Menstrual cycle is heavier/ more irregular
Muscle weakness
Bradycardia

35
Q

Hypothyroidism in infants

A

Feeding problems
Poor growth
Poor weight gain
Jaundice
Constipation
Poor muscle tone
Hoarse crying
Soft swelling or bulge near belly button- umbilical hernia

36
Q

Hypothyroidism in children and teens

A

Similar in adults
Poor growth that leads to short stature
Delayed development of permanent teeth
Delayed puberty
Poor mental development

37
Q

Hyperthyroidism

A

Too much thyroid hormone produced by thyroid gland

38
Q

Hyperthyroidism S+S

A

Sometimes looks like other health problems
Losing weight unintentionally
Tachycardia
Arrhythmia
Heart palpitations
Tremor- usually small trembling in hands/fingers
Fatigue
Muscle weakness
Thinning hair

39
Q

Thyroid gland

A

Thyroid creates and produces hormones that play vital role in many different systems throughout the body

SHF 204 Systemic conditions (6 decks)

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