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Anatomy & Physiology II > Endocine System > Flashcards

Endocine System Flashcards

1
Q

Which control system is quick and localized?

A

Neural Controls

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2
Q

Which system is slow and widespread?

A

Hormonal Controls

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3
Q

How do circulating hormones travel?

A

Through the blood

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4
Q

Which type of signal only acts on the cells that release them?

A

Autocrine

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5
Q

Which type of signal only acts on neighboring cells, not distant targets?

A

Paracrine

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6
Q

What are biologically active lipids which act in an an autocrine or paracrine manner?

A

Eiscosanoids

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7
Q

What lipid influences inflammation, ion transport, sleep, and other activities?

A

Eicosanoids

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8
Q

What are steroids made out of?

A

Cholesterol

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9
Q

Amino acid based hormones generally bind at the cell’s surface, except…?

A

The thyroid hormone

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10
Q

Which type of hormone enters the cell and interacts directly with the DNA?

A

Steroids

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11
Q

If the signal for an organ to release is the level of a chemical in the blood, what type of signal is it?

A

Humoral

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12
Q

If the signal for an organ to release a hormone is transmitted by the nervous system, what type of signal is it?

A

Neural

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13
Q

If the signal for an organ to release a hormone is a releasing hormone, what type of signal is it?

A

Hormonal

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14
Q

What type of feedback limits Hormone production?

A

Negative feedback

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15
Q

What does the pituitary gland suspend from?

A

The Hypothalamus

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16
Q

What connects the pituitary and the hypothalamus?

A

The infundibulum

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17
Q

What transports hormones from the Hypothalamus to the pituitary?

A

The Infundibulum

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18
Q

What is another name for the pituitary gland?

A

Hypophysis

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19
Q

What is another name for the anterior portion of the pituitary gland?

A

Adenohypophysis

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20
Q

What is the posterior position of the neurohypophysis called?

A

Neurohypophysis

21
Q

What two parts of the brain regulate the secretion of every hormone in the body?

A
  1. Hypothalamus

2. Pituitary

22
Q

What part of the pituitary gland secretes GH?

A

The adenohypohysis

23
Q

The development and activity of the thyroid gland is controlled by which hormone?

A

Thyrotropin (TSH)

24
Q

What regulates the release of corticosteroids?

A

ACTH

25
Q

Which two gonadotropins are produced during and after puberty?

A

LH and FSH

26
Q

Which hormone stimulates milk production by the breasts?

A

PRL

27
Q

What are the two hormones released by the Neurohypophysis?

A
  1. Oxytocin

2. Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)

28
Q

What does ADH promotes water retention by what?

A

The kidneys

29
Q

The phrase “Thyroid Hormone” refers to what two things?

A

T3 and T4

30
Q

What is another name for T4?

A

Thyroxine

31
Q

Most cells in the body are target cells for which hormone?

A

The thyroid hormone

32
Q

T3 and T4 increased what two things?

A
  1. Increased metabolic rate

2. Heat

33
Q

What regulates calcium metabolism?

A

Calcitonin

34
Q

Calcitonin stimulates ____ and inhibits _____.

A

Osteoblasts; Osteoclasts

35
Q

Calcitonin promotes what?

A

Bone Density

36
Q

Follicle cells in the thyroid gland produce what?

A

Thyroglobulin

37
Q

Which hormone increases calcium in the blood?

A

PTH

38
Q

What type of corticosteroid regulates the concentrations of ions in the blood?

A

Mineralocorticoids

39
Q

What hormone is secreted in response to low blood volume caused by water loss?

A

Aldosterone

40
Q

What is released by the adrenal cortex in response to stress?

A

Corticosteroids

41
Q

Which corticosteroids provides energy for ‘fight or flight’ functions?

A

Glucocorticoids

42
Q

What is the principal glucocorticoid in humans?

A

Cortisol

43
Q

Which hormone is responsible for the appearance of secondary sex characteristics and sex drive?

A

Androgens

44
Q

What are the two hormones produced by the pancreas?

A
  1. Glucagon

2. Insulin

45
Q

Glucagon is released in response to what?

A

Low sugar levels

46
Q

What is the acidification of the blood due to high ‘ketone body’ levels called?

A

Ketoacidosis

47
Q

What are the two major products of the ovaries>

A

Estrogen and progesterone

48
Q

What hormone produced by the heart reduces blood pressure, blood volume, and blood sodium concentration?

A

ANP

Anatomy & Physiology II (6 decks)

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