Blood Vessels Flashcards
_____ carry blood away from the heart.
Arteries
_____ carry blood toward the heart.
Veins
_____ are the smallest blood vessels, through the walls of which gases and nutrients are exchanged with tissues.
Capillaries
_____ are the walls of blood vessels, while _____ is the central space through which blood flows.
Tunics; the lumen
_____ connect arterioles to venules.
Capillaries
The purpose of muscular arteries is to _____.
distribute blood
_____ refers to the narrowing of the lumen of blood vessels due to contraction of smooth muscles in the blood vessel walls, while _____ refers to the widening of the lumen due to their relaxation.
Vasoconstriction; vasodilation
_____ capillaries are abundant in the skin and muscle.
Continuous
The three sources of resistance are _____, _____ and _____.
blood viscosity; vessel length; vessel diameter
The blood pressure during the contraction of the ventricles is the _____ pressure, and is normally _____ in a healthy adult.
systolic; 120 mm Hg
The blood pressure during the relaxation of the ventricles is the _____ pressure, and is normally _____ in a healthy adult.
diastolic; 70 - 80 mm Hg
The _____ pressure is the difference between systolic and diastolic pressures. (Note: if given any two of these pressures, be able to calculate the third.)
pulse
Blood pressure in capillaries is _____, because although each capillary is small, the cross sectional area through all capillaries as a group is _____.
low; large
Long-lasting, slow compensation to adjust blood pressure is primarily controlled by the _____
kidneys
ANP decreases blood pressure by promoting _____; this also causes _____.
sodium excretion; water excretion
