Endochrine Disorders

Question 1

High metabolic rate, sensitivity to heat, restlessness, hyperactivity, weight loss, protruding eyes, goiter

Answer 1

Hyperthyroidism

Question 2

Autoantibodies(against self) bind TSH receptors on thyroid cell membranes, mimicking action of TSH, overstimulating gland- hyperthyroidism- exophthalmia(protrusion of the eyes) and goiter

Answer 2

Graves’ disease

Question 3

Autoantibodies (against self) destroy thyroid cells, resulting in hypothyroidism

Answer 3

Hashimoto disease

Question 4

Stunted growth, abnormal bone formation , intellectual disability, sluggishness

Answer 4

Hypothyroidism (infantile)

Question 5

Low metabolic rate, sensitivity to cold, sluggishness, poor appetite, swollen tissues, mental dullness

Answer 5

Hypothyroidism (adult)

Question 6

Deficiency of thyroid hormone due to iodine deficiency; because no thyroid hormones inhibit pituitary release of TSH, thyroid is overstimulated and enlarges but functions below normal(hypothyroidism)

Answer 6

Simple goiter

Question 7

Caused by tumor, symptoms include fatigue, muscular weakness, painful joints, altered mental functions, depression, weight loss, bone weakening, increased PTH secretion overstimulates osteoclasts

Answer 7

Hyperparathyroidism

Question 8

Caused by inadvertent surgical removal; injury. Symptoms include muscle cramps and seizures. Decreased PTH secretions reduces osteoclasts activity, diminishing blood calcium ion concentration

Answer 8

Hypoparathyroidism

Question 9

Dues to insufficient hormone secretion from adrenal cortex. Results in electrolyte imbalance and glucose imbalances, dehydration, low blood pressure, fatigue, nausea, increased skin pigmentation. Can be fatal

Answer 9

Addison disease

Question 10

Due to hyper secretion of cortisol, because of adrenal tumor or excess secretion of ACTH by anterior pituitary. Results in muscle wasting, loss of bone, elevated blood glucose, sodium retention, water retention, increased Bp, puffy skin, abnormal deposition of adipose tissue in face and neck

Answer 10

Cushing’s syndrome

Question 11

Also called juvenile diabetes or insulin dependent, usually begins before age 20. Autoimmune disease, results from lack of insulin production

Answer 11

Type 1 diabetes Mellitus

Question 12

Also called maturity-onset or non-insulin dependent, 90-95 of cases. Insulin is produced but body cells unable to recognize it

Answer 12

Type 2 diabetes mellitus