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1MB Cardiology > Endocarditis > Flashcards

Endocarditis Flashcards

1
Q

What is meant by bacteraemia?

A

Presence of bacteria in the bloodstream

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2
Q

What temperature are blood cultures kept at?

A

37’C

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3
Q

The presence of bacteraemia is diagnostic of endocarditis. True/False?

A

False
Just indicates that there is infection somewhere in the body, or that samples may be contaminated

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4
Q

What is the commonest coagulase -ve Staph organism?

A

Staph epidermidis

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5
Q

What does Staph epidermidis commonly contaminate?

A

Skin
Prosthetic material

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6
Q

What is infective endocarditis?

A

Infection of the heart valves

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7
Q

What are the commonest factors that predispose to endocarditis?

A

Rheumatic disease
Congenital abnormalities
IV drug users
Calcification/sclerosis
Prosthesis/intravascular lines

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8
Q

What is the general pathogenesis of endocarditis?

A

Damaged heart valves produce turbulent flow over irritated endothelium, causing platelet/fibrin deposition upon which bacteria settle, producing vegetation over the valve

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9
Q

Which organism is the most common cause of native valve endocarditis?

A

Staph aureus

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10
Q

Which organism is the 2nd commonest cause of native valve endocarditis?

A

Strep viridans

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11
Q

What are some symptoms of acute endocarditis?

A

Breathlessness
Fever
Tiredness
Malaise
Weight loss

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12
Q

What are some signs of endocarditis?

A

New/louder murmur
Clubbing
Splinter haemorrhage
Splenomegaly
Roth spots, Janeway lesions, Osler nodes

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13
Q

What are roth spots?

A

Retinal haemorrhages

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14
Q

What are Janeway lesions?

A

Nodular haemorrhagic lesions on palms and soles

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15
Q

What are Osler nodes?

A

Painful red lesions on palms and soles

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16
Q

How many blood cultures are taken for diagnosis of endocarditis?

A

3 sets

17
Q

If 3 blood cultures are taken and only 1 comes back positive, what might have been the cause?

A

Contamination

18
Q

What organisms are usually responsible for prosthetic valve endocarditis?

A

Staph aureus
Staph epidermidis

19
Q

Endocarditis in IV drug users predominately affects which side of the heart?

A

Right side (tricuspid valve)

20
Q

Which antibiotics are given for native valve endocarditis?

A

Amoxicillin IV
Gentamicin IV

21
Q

Which antibiotics are given for prosthetic valve endocarditis?

A

Vancomycin IV
Gentamicin IV

22
Q

Which antibiotic is given for IV drug user endocarditis?

A

Flucloxacillin IV

23
Q

Which antibiotics are given for MRSA endocarditis?

A

Vancomycin IV
Gentamicin IV

24
Q

Which antibiotics are given for Enterococcus endocarditis?

A

Amoxicillin/Vancomycin IV
Gentamicin IV

25
Q

Which antibiotics are given for Staph epidermidis endocarditis?

A

Vancomycin IV
Gentamicin IV

26
Q

How long are IV antibiotics usually given for?

A

4-6 weeks

1MB Cardiology (16 decks)

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