Endo and Allergies

Question 1

How does T1DM present?

Answer 1

Polyuria
Polydipsia
weight loss

Question 2

How is T1DM diagnosed?

Answer 2

• Random glucose: >11.1 mmol/L
  -Urine dipstick: Glycosuria, ketouria
  -Fasting glucose>= 7mmol/L
  HbA1c >= 48 mmol/ mol (6.5%)

Question 3

How is T1DM managed?

Answer 3

MDT -

Conservative:
1-education on insulin therapy, blood glucose monitoring, diet
2-Exercise and diet (CHO counting)

Need for annual vaccine for the flu and pneumococcal infections

Meds: Insulin to keep HbA1c < 48 and perform 5 blood sugar measures daily

Monitor: Diabetic retinopathy, nephropathy, and hypertension annually

Question 4

How do you manage hypoglycemia?

Answer 4

<4 mmol

early stage: fast acting glucose eg lucazade / oral glucose gel

IM glucagon

Question 5

How is DKA diagnosed?

Answer 5

Hyperglycaemia, Acidosis and Ketonaemia

Question 6

What do you need to add to saline in DKA?

Answer 6

40mmol/L KCL and insulin 0.05-0.1 U/Kg/hour