Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

GINME > Endo > Flashcards

Endo Flashcards

1
Q

Truncal obesity, wasting of extremities, abdominal striae, and acne: Likely diagnosis?

A

Cushing’s Syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Polydipsia and polyuria with normal glucose: Likely deficiency?

A

ADH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Weakness, fever, dry cough, APAP does not help fever, tachycardia, tachypnea, diphoresis, disorientation, scattered ronchi, negative CXR: Likely explanation?

A

Thyroid Storm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Severe fatigue, weight loss, arthralgia, FmHx prostate Ca, polyuria without dysuria, nausea, salt cravings, poor appetite, hypotension, acanthosis nigricans: what lab test?

A

ACTH stimulation test

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What hormones are secreted by posterior pituitary? (2)

A

ADH

Oxytocin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Thyroid hormones increase the concentration of specific receptors in heart tissue. What medication can you give to counteract this sympathomimetic bidness?

A

metoprolol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Dude took 40 mg prednisone for 5 weeks for UC. UC feels better, but now he is weak, tired, dehydrated, hypotensive, confused, doesn’t remember last prednisone dose: presumptive diagnosis?

A

Acute adrenal insufficiency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

TSH 7.4, diffusely enlarged thyroid gland without nodules: Start what drug?

A

levothyroxine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Sulfonureas (like glipizide) lower blood sugar by:

A

increasing insulin release from pancreatic beta cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Hispanic, obese, diabetic, weakness, fever, nausea, vomiting, recently started insulin, tachycardia, tachypnea, drowsy, mild epigastric tenderness, pH 7.12, pCO2 17 mmHg, HCO3 5.6 mEq/L, UA with 4+ glucose and 3+ ketones, blood glucose 420 mg/dL, Na 139 mEq/L, Cl 112 mEq/L, K 5.4 mEq/L: Diagnosis?

A

Diabetic ketoacidosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Diabetic, hypertensive, hypothyroid, hyperlipid. On meds for all. Current labs: A1c 7.0, TSH 12, total cholesterol 268. First thing:

A

increase levothyroxine and retest thyroid and cholesterol in 4 weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Recent weight gain, poor wound healing, hyperglycemia, leukocytosis, hypokalemia: Lab test?

A

cortisol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Depression, lethargy, weight gain, TSH 6.5, Free T4 0.3, positive antithyroid peroxidase antibodies: diagnosis?

A

Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Most common cause of Cushing’s Syndrome?

A

glucocorticoid therapy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Fun fact about thyroid function tests?

A

T3 (triiodothyronine) is derived from peripheral deiodination of T4 (hooray!)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

High TSH, normal free T4 and T4, positive antithyroid antibodies: What do we do now?

A

Levothyroxine (though Kathy seems ok with monitoring and rechecking in 3 months)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What’s a biguanide do?

A

Inhibits hepatic gluconeogenesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Following thyroidectomy, hoarseness of the voice may occur (but won’t, because Nate is a fucking rockstar), this is caused by damage to the:

A

Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Sx of hyperparathyroidism due to parathyroid adenoma:

A

most patients are asymptomatic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Which symptom distinguishes sub-acute thyroiditis from Hashimoto’s thyroiditis?

A

pain with palpation of the thyroid gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

How do you make a hormone?

A

Don’t pay her

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Posterior pituitary secretes: (2)

A

ADH

Oxytocin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Anterior pituitary secretes: (6)

A 
ACTH
TSH
GH
PRL
FSH
LH
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Thyroid gland secretes: (2)

A

Thyroxine

Calcitonin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Thymus secretes: (1)

A

Thymosins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Adrenal medulla secretes: (2)

A

Epinephrine

Norepinephrine

27
Q

Adrenal cortex secretes: (3)

A

Glucocorticoids (cortisol)
Mineralcorticoids (aldosterone)
Testosterone

28
Q

Pancreatic islet cells secrete: (2)

A

Insulin

Glucagon

29
Q

Pineal gland secretes: (1)

A

Melatonin

30
Q

Parathyroid glands secrete: (1)

A

Parathyroid hormone

31
Q

Testicles secrete: (1)

A

Androgens, especially testosterone

32
Q

Ovaries secrete: (2)

A

Estrogens

Progesterone

33
Q

GNRH _______’s FSH + LH

A

promote

34
Q

Dopamine _______’s prolactin

A

inhibits

35
Q

Hyperparathyroid symptoms

A

osteoporosis, maybe tetany with advanced disease

Stones, groans, psychic overtones, thrones?

36
Q

Hyperparathyroid labs

A

decreased Mg, PO4

37
Q

Primary hyperparathyroidism

A

80% adenomas, high PTH

38
Q

Secondary hyperparathyroidism

A

Low calcium / vitamin D

39
Q

Tertiary hyperparathyroidism

A

autonomous parathyroid function with increased Ca and increased PTH from chronic secondary hyperpara.

40
Q

Common way to find parathyroid imbalance

A

abnormal calcium

41
Q

Eval of parathyroid imbalance

A 
Chem
PTH
Ionized Calcium
Corrected calcium
24 hour urine calcium
alk phos?
bone mineral density
imaging of parathyroid
42
Q

30 mg prednisone for 3 weeks or more will do what to your adrenal

A

make it go night night

43
Q

Diagnosing adrenal insufficiency

A

ACTH in AM
Cortisol in AM
cosyntropin

44
Q

Treatment of Diabeetus 1

A

Insulin / pump

45
Q

Treatment first line for diabeetus 2

A

Lifestyle: Diet, exercise, weight loss

46
Q

Positive thing about metformin

A

minimal hypoglycemia risk

47
Q

Sulfonureas problems

A

hypoglycemia risk
weight gain
give it with food

48
Q

Kathy doesn’t seem to like glitazones

A

just an observation

49
Q

happy fasting sugar

A

80-120

50
Q

happy post meal sugar

A

no higher than 180

51
Q

What happens with nocturnal hypoglycemia

A

maybe wake up sweaty, shaky and foggy

maybe don’t wake up

52
Q

How frequently should you tickle a diabetic’s feet, Keivon?

A

yearly

53
Q

What things should be checked yearly on a diabetic?

A

feet
eyes
kidneys (microalbumin, creatinine)
lipids

54
Q

What should be checked twice a year on diabetics?

A

A1c

55
Q

Top 5 thyroid cancers by frequency?

A 
Papillary >70%
Follicular 15%
Medullary
Anaplastic:  The scary one
Thyroid lymphoma
56
Q

Signs of Grave’s dz

A 
exophthalmos
heat intolerance
tachycardia
unintentional weight loss
hyperreflexia
fatigue
57
Q

Fractions of free and bound testosterone

A

60% bound to SHBG
38% weakly bound to albumin
2% free

58
Q

3 methods for diagnosing Diabeetus 2

A

Oral glucose tolerance test
A1c
Random glucose >200 mg/dL with symptoms

59
Q

Benefits of glitazones

A

enhanced insulin sensitivity

60
Q

risks of glitazones

A

weight gain, fluid retention

61
Q

Leading cause of death in diabetics

A

MI

62
Q

Symptoms of hyperglycemia

A 
polydipsia
polyuria
blurry vision
fatigue
poor wound healing
frequent infections
weight loss
nausea and vomiting
63
Q

Diabeetus is the #1 cause of these 4 things in adults

A

Blindness
Kidney disease
Nerve damage
Amputation

64
Q

5 ways to mitigate CV risk in diabeetus

A

Increase physical activity
Reduce saturated fat
6-10% weight loss
Statins to keep LDL

GINME (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions